1. Medical important fungi. Biological characteristics of fungi and laboratory diagnostics of human mycoses. Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology

2. Fungi are divided due to their morphology into: 1.Yeasts and yeast-like fungi 2.Moulds or filamentous fungi 3.Dimorphic fungi

3. Morphology of yeasts and yeast-like fungi

4. Morphology of moulds

5. Taxonomy of fungi Kingdom: Mycota (Fungi) Divisions: Eumycota (true fungi) Myxomycota (mycous fungi) Classes: Fungi perfecti 1. Chytridiomycetes 2. Hyphochytridiomycetes 3. Oomycetes 4. Zygomycetes 5. Ascomycetes 6. Basidiomycetes Fungi inperfecti : Deuteromycetes or hyphomycetes.

6. Cultivation of fungi Nutrient media : 1.Sabouraud`s glucose agar (pH 5.4) 2.Sabouraud`s glucose broth 3.Czapek-Dox medium 4.Cornmeal agar

7. Cultural characteristics Yeast-like fungi and dimorphic fungi at 37 0 C form colonies, resemble to bacterial ones: smooth, creamy, with entire edges, colored in white, beige, and yellowish Filamentous fungi and dimorphic fungi at 22 0 C grow with formation fluffy, velvety colonies with any color of reverse. Deuteromycetes usually form powdery or cottony colonies, pigmented on reverse Morphology of mycelium elements (hyphae, spores, sporangiofores and conidiophores, macroconidia) are important identification criteria for filamentous fungi (dermatomycetes and moulds)

8. Colonies of filamentous fungi

9. Clinical classification of the fungi 1.Fungi, causing systemic or deep mycoses of humans 2.Fungi, provoking subcutaneos mycoses 3.Fungi, causing cutaneous mycoses 4.Fungi, causing opportunistic infections

10. Fungi, causing deep mycoses 1.Cryptococcus neoformans 2.Blastomyces dermatitidis 3.Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 4.Coccidioides immitis 5.Histoplasma capsulatum

11. Subcutaneous mycoses 1.Mycetoma (Madura foot, maduramycosis) 2.Sporotrichosis 3.Chromoblastomycosis Superficial mycoses 1.Surface infections 2.Cutaneous infections Opportunistic systemic mycoses

12. Laboratory diagnostics Fungal diseases may be diagnosed with: 1.Microscopy of material from lesions 2.Culture method 3.Serological method 4.Allergic skin tests

13. Dermatomycoses 1.Trichophyton 2.Microsporum 3.Epidermophyton

14. Epidemiology 1.anthropophilic (T.rubrum, E.floccosum, M.audonii), 2.zoophilic (T.verrucosum, T.mentagrophytes, M.canis), 3.geophilic (M.gypseum, T.ajelloi).

15. Classification 1.Tinea corporis (T.rubrum and any other dermatophyte) 2.Tinea capitis (Microsporum any species and Trichophyton most species) 3.Tinea barbae or barber`s itch (T.rubrum, T.mentagrophytes, T.verrucosum) 4.Tinea cruris (E.flocossum, T.rubrum) 5.Tinea pedis or athletes` foot disease (T.interdigitalis, E.flocossum, T.rubrum) 6.Flavus (T.schoenleinii)

17. Laboratory diagnostics of dermatomycoses 1.Microscopy examination 2.Culture method 3.Allergic skin tests with trychophytin 4.Exposure to UV light

18. Examination of tinea capitis with Wood`s lamp

19. Microscopy of Microsporum species

20. Microscopy of Epidermophyton sp.

21. Microscopy of Trychophyton sp.

22. Candidiasis Candidosis (candidiasis, moniliasis) is an endogenous opportunistic mycosis of the skin, mucosa and rarely of the internal organs, caused by C.albicans, C.tropicalis, C.glabrata, C.krusei and other species

23. Clinical forms of candidiasis 1.Cutaneous candidosis (intertriginous, paronycheal, onycheal) 2.Mucosal candidosis (oral thrush, vaginitis) 3.Intestinal candidosis 4.Bronchopulmonary candidosis 5.Systemic infections (septicemia, endocarditis and meningitis)

24. Oral thrush (creamy white patches on the tongue or buccal mucosa, that leave a blooding lesions after removal)

25. Candidosis at AIDS patients

26. Cutaneous candidosis

27. Laboratory diagnostics of candidosis 1.Microscopy. 2.Culture method 3.Skin allergic test with candidin 4.Serological method

28. Scanning electron micrograph of the Candida )

29. Fungal diseases