1. 28 Transformations Around the Globe, 1800–1914
QUIT 28
CHAPTER
Transformations
Around the Globe, 1800–1914
Chapter Overview
Time Line 1
China Responds to Pressure from the West
SECTION 2
Japan Modernizes
MAP
SECTION
SECTION 3
U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America 4
The Mexican Revolution
GRAPH
SECTION
Visual Summary

2. 28 Transformations Around the Globe, 1800–1914
HOME 28
CHAPTER
Transformations
Around the Globe, 1800–1914
Chapter Overview
Countries in East Asia and Latin America respond to Western imperialism in different ways. China and Japan try to modernize. Latin America becomes dependent on exports and foreign investments. Mexico fights for independence and political stability.

3. 28 Transformations Around the Globe, 1800–1914 HOME Time Line 1800
CHAPTER
Transformations
Around the Globe, 1800–1914
Time Line
1839 China and Britain clash in Opium War.
1898 United States wins Spanish-American War.
1914 Panama Canal opens.
1800
1914
1823 Monroe Doctrine reflects special U.S. interest in Americas.
1853 Commodore Perry enters Tokyo harbor.
1910 Mexican Revolution begins.

4. China Responds to Pressure from the West Key Idea 1
HOME 1
China Responds to
Pressure from the West
Key Idea
China clings to its ancient traditions and self-sufficiency, but eventually succumbs to both external pressure from Western powers and internal population and governmental pressures.
Overview
Assessment

5. China Responds to Pressure from the West Overview 1 • Opium War
HOME 1
China Responds to
Pressure from the West
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Opium War
• extraterritorial rights
• Taiping Rebellion
• sphere of influence
• Open Door Policy
• Boxer Rebellion
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Western economic pressure forced China to open to foreign trade and influence.
China has become an increasingly important member of the global community.
Assessment

6. China Responds to Pressure from the West 1 1
HOME 1
China Responds to
Pressure from the West
Section 1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major events in China’s dealings with foreign nations between 1830 and Include both policies and actual confrontations in your discussion.
1830
1839
Opium War
1900
1842
Treaty of Nanjing
Taiping
Rebellion
1899
Open Door
Policy
Boxer
Rebellion
continued . . .

7. China Responds to Pressure from the West 1 1
HOME 1
China Responds to
Pressure from the West
Section 1
Assessment
2. Do you think the opium trade was finally more harmful or beneficial to China? Explain. THINK ABOUT
• the effects of the Opium War
• other Chinese responses to foreign influence
• the aftermath of the Boxer Rebellion
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Harmful—It had a negative effect on the people’s health and triggered numerous wars and uprisings.
Beneficial—It ultimately forced the Chinese government to face the discontent of the people and begin to reform.
End of Section 1

8. Japan Modernizes Key Idea 2
HOME 2
Japan Modernizes
MAP
Key Idea
Japan also faces pressures from Western nations, but, unlike China, it begins to modernize rapidly. It also emulates the Western imperialistic model and annexes Korea.
Overview
Assessment

9. Japan Modernizes Overview 2 • Treaty of Kanagawa • Meiji era
HOME 2
Japan Modernizes
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Treaty of Kanagawa
• Meiji era
• Russo-Japanese War
• annexation
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Japan followed the model of Western powers by industrializing and expanding its foreign influence.
Japan’s continued development of its own way of life has made it a leading world power.
Assessment

10. HOME 2
Japan Modernizes
MAP
Section 2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the steps that Japan took toward modernization and the events that contributed to its growth as an imperialistic power.
Modernization
Imperialism
Claimed feudal lands for government
Abolished extraterritorial rights
Forced Korean ports to open
Studied Western ways
Fought Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars
Industrialized
Annexed Korea
continued . . .

11. HOME 2
Japan Modernizes
MAP
Section 2
Assessment
2. In your view, was Japan’s aggressive imperialism justified? THINK ABOUT
• reasons for Japan’s early isolation
• what Japan could gain from imperialism
• Japan’s treatment of conquered peoples
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Justified—Japan had to expand to compete in the global economy.
Not justified—Japan didn’t have to rule Korea as harshly as it did.
continued . . .

12. HOME 2
Japan Modernizes
MAP
Section 2
Assessment
3. What influences do you think were most important in provoking Japan to build its empire? THINK ABOUT
• Japan’s size and geographical features
• Japan’s relations with China and Russia
• the interest of countries such as Britain and the United States in Japan
ANSWER
Possible Response:
Because Japan is a small island, it was vulnerable to invaders. Having huge empire builders as neighbors forced Japan to expand in self-defense. The Japanese feared they might lose control of their country to the Western powers that traded at its ports.
End of Section 2

13. U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
HOME 3
U.S. Economic Imperialism
in Latin America
Key Idea
With its colonial legacy and political instability, Latin America remains economically under-developed after independence. In the late 1800s, the United States begins to exert great economic and political influence in Latin America.
Overview
Assessment

14. U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
HOME 3
U.S. Economic Imperialism
in Latin America
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• caudillo
• Monroe Doctrine
• José Martí
• Spanish-American War
• Panama Canal
• Roosevelt Corollary
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The United States put increasing economic and political pressure on Latin America during the 19th century.
This policy set the stage for 20th-century relations between Latin America and the United States.
Assessment

15. U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
HOME 3
U.S. Economic Imperialism
in Latin America
Section 3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major events of U.S. involvement in Latin America.
1914
1904
1903
1898
1823
Monroe Doctrine
Spanish-American War
Panamanian Rebellion
Roosevelt Corollary
Panama Canal opened
continued . . .

16. U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
HOME 3
U.S. Economic Imperialism
in Latin America
Section 3
Assessment
2. Do you think that U.S. imperialism was more beneficial or harmful to Latin American people? Explain.
THINK ABOUT
• the benefits provided by U.S.-owned companies
• the harmful effects of foreign economic and political influence
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Beneficial—The jobs and export income that U.S.-owned companies generated helped poor farmers and working people.
Harmful—Foreign intervention prevented Latin American countries from becoming truly independent.
End of Section 3

17. The Mexican Revolution Key Idea 4
HOME 4
The Mexican
Revolution
GRAPH
Key Idea
After territorial struggles with the United States, Mexico fights to achieve independence from France. It remains politically unstable, however, under the rule of military dictators. In the early 1900s, economic and political inequality incite the Mexican people to rebel.
Overview
Assessment

18. The Mexican Revolution Overview 4 • Antonio López de Santa Anna
HOME 4
The Mexican
Revolution
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Antonio López de Santa Anna
• Benito Juárez
• La Reforma
• Porfirio Díaz
• Francisco Madero
• Francisco “Pancho” Villa
• Emiliano Zapata
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Political, economic, and social inequalities in Mexico triggered a period of revolution and reform.
Mexico has moved toward political democracy and is a strong economic force in the Americas.
Assessment

19. The Mexican Revolution 4 4
HOME 4
The Mexican
Revolution
GRAPH
Section 4
Assessment
1. List the major accomplishment of each Mexican leader discussed in this section.
Leader
Major Accomplishment
Santa Anna
Led Mexican forces in revolt against the U.S.
Worked for reforms in education, land distribution, and separation of church and state
Juárez
Díaz
Promoted growth and industrialization
Madero
Started the Mexican Revolution
Villa and Zapata
Fought for peasants’ rights
Carranza
Revised Mexican constitution
Obregón
Promoted education, land reform, and workers’ rights
continued . . .

20. The Mexican Revolution 4 4
HOME 4
The Mexican
Revolution
GRAPH
Section 4
Assessment
2. Why did Juárez have trouble putting his liberal program La Reforma into action? THINK ABOUT
• the types of reforms Juárez wanted
• how those reforms would affect Mexicans of the upper and lower classes
• the political climate of the country
ANSWER
Possible Response:
He faced powerful opposition from Santa Anna, who was against reform, and from the upper classes, who didn’t want to give up their land or power.
continued . . .

21. The Mexican Revolution 4 4
HOME 4
The Mexican
Revolution
GRAPH
Section 4
Assessment
3. Juárez’s motto for change in Mexico was “Liberty, Order, and Progress.” Díaz’s slogan was “Order and Progress.” What did this difference in goals mean for the country? THINK ABOUT
• Juárez’s accomplishments
• Díaz’s accomplishments
• the value of order and progress without liberty
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Loss of political freedom
• Human rights abuses
• Growing gap between rich and poor
End of Section 4