1. Michelle Terfansky ASTE 527

2. Context/History/Background  US falling behind Russia/China in human space travel and technology  NASA in bad place with no way to get astronauts/food/supplies to ISS Using Soyuz and Progress modules  Further exploration into space via ISS/Moon/asteroids/Mars is NOW. Unmanned missions to Mars in recent years  Bush policy on returning to the moon in 2004 for return in 2020  Mission to asteroid by 2025 and Mars by 2030ish

3. Assumptions/Ground Rules  We’re using Progress to carry supplies to ISS now, Moon/asteroids/Mars next. Requires cooperation with Russia Better yet, use SpaceX Dragon capsule  Humans need supplies Food Sustainable supply Variety

4. Rationale  Given what we know, doesn’t it make sense to use what’s in place to use these resources?  Humans love to discover and create new things.  Resources will be needed for us to go further in space/try different things.

5. Concept  Humans have to eat food  Humans LOVE to eat food  Humans love a wide variety of food and the ability to customize it  Eating is more then a necessity…it’s a social event  We need to find a creative and efficient way to manufacture and store these foods for long term missions Nobody likes eating powdered/freeze dried foods all the time! Amino acids are what makes things seem delicious ○ Umami, sour, sweet, bitter… Ideas of high class cuisine can be provided in space ○ Who wouldn’t want to eat a fancy meal on orbit? On Mars?  3D printing used on Earth Rapidly growing in popularity Tested in near micro-g…works great ○ Food applications

6. Cultivation/Agriculture  “Earth Box” Your welcome present for your long journey or long stay on the Moon/asteroid/Mars Contains 10 essential and dependable crops in microgravity Home gardening to supplement the overall food supply similar to what many do on Earth  Greenhouse type facilities Produce healthy foods for the settlement if on Moon/asteroid/Mars Use of hydroponics  Creation of high nutrient food  Low maintenance food  Recycling facility for C02/extra water/compost

7. Printing  3D printing of customized foods Birthday parties, catering events, just because  Syringes of food used for printing Much easier to transport More compact (use as ballast?) Can be used in the printing process Can be re-used with foods created in situ  Amino acids to enhance flavors and experiences Shaped like one thing, tastes like another  Printing of meat substitutes to look and taste like meat  Culture preservation aka kosher, vegetarian, gluten free  Aesthetically pleasing food  Variety in printing Small items like cereal to large like wedding cakes with details French fries in space (crisped in the vacuum of space!)  Ability to layer foods together Provide foods that can’t be transported into space (lasagna, cheese filled hotdogs, etc)  Commercial fast food operations Big players that we have on Earth (Wendy’s, McD, BK, In n Out)

8. Storage  Uniform facilities to store produced food 3D printing to make this happen Structure extruded  Greenhouse type facilities to produce food  Automated cultivation directly into storage Automated robots on tracks to pick agricultural products and take to storage  Seed vault  Cold facilities  Use of natural resources Moon dust for cover if necessary Solar power ○ 3D printing of cells

9. Merits/Limitations  Mass considerations  Getting humans to long distance locations Haven’t done it yet  Current technology for keeping humans safe in space for duration New concept to keep astronauts on ISS for a year at a time

10. Future Studies  Algae Uses, cultivation ○ Food ○ Air recycling/CO2 reduction ○ Ethanol, biofuels  Artificially grown meat Stem cells Less water, less land use  Genetically modified foods  Different growing mediums

11. References  http://money.cnn.com/2011/01/24/technology/3D_food_printer/index.htm http://money.cnn.com/2011/01/24/technology/3D_food_printer/index.htm  NASA Sites NASA Sites http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/presskits/spacefood/factsheets.html http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/spacespuds.html  http://news.discovery.com/space/kitchen-mars-astronauts-110829.html http://news.discovery.com/space/kitchen-mars-astronauts-110829.html  http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/jan/22/future-of-food-john-vidal http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/jan/22/future-of-food-john-vidal  “The Moon”-book