1. Section C: Contemporary studies in physical education and sport
3. Mass participation in sport (relating to a country of your choice)

2. Syllabus Benefits of regular participation in sport
Widening the base of the performance pyramid
Initiatives to encourage mass participation
Provision of facilities, for mass participation by private, public or voluntary bodies
Funding for mass participation
Provision at grass roots level by National Governing Bodies and other agencies
Attitudes to participation

3. Much of this part of the syllabus requires pupils to research and source their own information

4. Benefits of physical activity for young people
Healthy growth and development of the musculoskeletal and cardio-respiratory systems
Maintenance of health-energy balance
Avoidance of risk factors for coronary heart disease, such as high blood pressure and abnormal lipid profile
Opportunities for social interaction, achievement and mental well-being especially self-esteem
General cognitive functioning and academic achievement in school
Less likelihood of smoking or using alcohol or illegal drugs

5. Classification of sporting activities
Conditioning activities
Designed primarily to improve the physical and mental condition of the performer
Competitive games and sports
Who is the best, given equal circumstances
Athletic
Races, field athletics and weightlifting
Activities such as skiing (for outdoor and adventurous pursuits)
Aesthetic or gymnastic movement

6. Definition of sport
Institutionalised competitive activities that involve vigorous physical exertion or the use of relatively complex physical skills by individuals whose participation is motivated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors

7. Motivation for participation in sport
Self-satisfaction
Fun
Enjoyment
Own choice
Money
Medals
Fame
Obligation
Praise

8. Benefits of sport Act as an emotional release
Offer individuals an opportunity to express their individuality
Help in the socialisation of people
Provide people with values which are viewed positively by society, such as fair play and sportsmanship
Help people achieve success when other avenues of achievement are not available to them
Help highlight issues which can be changed
Help achieve fitness and health
Have economic benefits to individuals and national economies

9. Problematic areas
Sport can help to retain and reinforce discrimination
Too much emphasis can be placed on winning and financial rewards intensify this
Gamesmanship has become more acceptable
Competition, if not handled well, can be damaging to the individual
Excessive behaviour, such as deviancy, can be encouraged through sport
Media coverage can dominate sport and the type of coverage can determine the wealth of a sport

10. Funding of physical activity in the UK
Funding for sport in the UK can be gained from a variety of sources. These can be divided into three main sectors:
Public sector funds sport via central and local government
Private sector involves companies and businesses sponsoring in the hope of commercial benefit
Voluntary sector is where individuals and clubs fund their own training and participation (club membership fees)

11. Organisations promoting participation
Sport England
Views its primary role as sustaining and increasing participation in community sport
Objectives are to START, STAY and SUCCEED
Youth Sport Trust
Is primarily responsible for sustaining and increasing the quality and quantity of school sport (including curriculum PE)
UK Sport
Is primarily responsible for the development and performance of world-class elite athletes

12. Sport England
Responsible for funding elite sport for non-Olympic sports such as squash and netball
Tries to ensure that the sporting environment is attractive and supportive of young people
Help ensure you stay in sport once you leave compulsory schooling
Attempts to ensure this are through:
Club development
Community sports provision
Helping NGBs develop effective competition frameworks for children and young people

13. Sports Leaders UK
Provides the opportunity and motivation for people to make a meaningful contribution to their local community through nationally recognised Sports Leader Awards
Responsible for:
Junior Sports Leadership Award (14 to 16yr old)
Community Sports Leadership Award (16+)
Higher Sports Leadership Award

14. Youth Sport Trust
Key organisation with responsibility for developing school sport
Involved in a number of initiatives to help achieve these aims, notably TOP programmes

15. UK Sport
World Class Performance programme 2006 identified three stages of elite sport and designated a level of funding to be distributed at each level:
Level 1 – talent programme – 8yrs from podium receiving 48, 000 pounds/athlete
Level 2 – world class development programme – 6yrs from podium, receiving 38, 000
Level 3 – world class podium – maximum of 4yrs from podium, receiving 48, 000

16. Additional information
The broader the base of sport participation, the greater the talent pool from which to draw in order to increase the chances of sporting excellence
Unequal access to the ‘sport for all’ ideal will negatively affect the sports pyramid
Sport initiatives must take careful note of the complex nature of the various groups they seek to help
Sports policy is characterised by a high degree of fragmentation between central government departments. There is heavy reliance on local government to provide facilities and opportunities for sport and recreation
In local authorities, there is a decentralised approach towards the organisation of sport and recreation, reflecting the political system in the UK
The pattern of funding for sport in the UK is dominated by sponsorship. Government grants and funds from the governing bodies and private individuals make the next share