3. Infant and Toddler Crying: To Soothe or Not to Soothe? Josh Thompson Lydia Leeds

5. Use the index card to record just the answers to our survey Write 1- 5 down the left hand margin of the index card 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. Use the index card to record just the answers to our survey 1. At what age does crying peak? A. 4 weeks B. 6 weeks C. 16 weeks D. 24 weeks

7. Use the index card to record just the answers to our survey 2. How much time per day does the normal 3 month old spend crying? A. 15 minutes B. 30 minutes C. one hour D. three hours

8. Use the index card to record just the answers to our survey 3. At what time of day do infants cry the most? A. morning (6am – 12pm) B. afternoon (12pm – 6pm) C. evening (6pm-12am) D. late night (12am-6am)

9. Use the index card to record just the answers to our survey 4. At what age is crying most related to language development? A. 15 months B. 18 months C. 24 months D. 36 months

10. Use the index card to record just the answers to our survey 5. Choose the best phrase to complete this sentence: “Picking up a three-month-old every time she cries … A. … is likely to spoil a child.” B. … teaches the child to be demanding.” C. … reduces frequency of crying.” D. … teaches the child to trust.”

11. Use the index card to record just the answers to our survey Turn the card over and write the word that best describes you: MotherFather Not a parent

12. If you have a colored index card, please return the card now. If you have a white card, you may voluntarily return the card at the end of this session. Note the consent form being passed around.

14. 1. At what age does crying peak? B. 6 weeks 2. How much time per day does the normal 3 month old spend crying? C. one hour 3. At what time of day do infants cry the most? C. evening (6pm-12am) 4. At what age is crying related to language development? B. 18 months 5. Rate the following behavior "Picking up a three-month-old every time she cries“ D. teaches the child to trust

15. The Normal Crying Curve

17. The Nature of Crying “[N]eonatal crying is a species-specific behavior which achieves its likely evolutionary function (infant survival) by reliably eliciting responses from caregivers.” (Gustafson 1990 p.45)

18. The Nature of Crying Three primary functions: SignSymptomSignal

19. The Nature of Crying Sign Neurological organization Neurological organization –Normal –Natural –Cyclical patterns

20. The Nature of Crying Symptom of disequilibrium of state of being This shift is common, predictable, and independent of caretaker.

23. The Nature of Crying “Temperament is innate: It’s not a product of the environment, your responses, nor of your child’s attempts to elicit some response from you.” (McKay, When Anger Hurts Your Kids p. 38)

24. The Nature of Crying Crying is a Signal that something is not okay pain hunger colic discomfort boredom distress

25. Back to the Curve

26. Off the curve Colic – Rule of 3 “…one who, otherwise healthy and well- fed, had paroxysms of irritability, fussing, or crying for a total of three hours a day and occurring on more than three days in any one week.” (Wessel, et al, 1950)

27. Off the curve Trauma – physical or emotional, which has resulted in prolonged disequilibrium

28. Off the curve Disability – neurological disruptions, chronic pain, or genetic abnormalities

30. Observation & Assessment Observer/participant Become fluent in the “language” of crying Competent secure care

31. Observation & Assessment Sign – note: it’s a good thing Neurological organization

32. Observation & Assessment Symptom – not personal, it just is, a state of being Disequilibrium

33. Observation & Assessment Crying is a Signal that something is not okay pain hunger colic discomfort boredom distress

34. Observation FATTDRIP FrequencyDuration Age of the child Rhythm Time of day Intensity TonePitch

35. Goodness of fit

36. Soothing strategies Assisted self-soothing Caregiver assisted soothing Unassisted self-soothing

37. Soothing strategies Assisted Self-soothing PacifiersSwingBlanketsMusic Teddy bears

38. Soothing strategies Caregiver Assisted soothing HoldingSwaddling Infant massage Singing (to)

39. Soothing strategies Unassisted self-soothing Thumb-suckingRockingSelf-strokingHumming

40. Toddler Strategies DescribeDistractDisengage

41. Caregiver coping strategies 1.ID the cry 2.Try the obvious 3.Speak softly, bring the pitch and volume down 4.Hold his arms and body to avoid startles 5.Swaddle him

42. Caregiver coping strategies 6.Pick him up to cuddle 7.Try massaging his back and limbs gently 8.Sing to him 9.Walk with him 10. Use white noise or motion 11. Use a “football hold.” (Brazelton, 2003, pp 19-20)

43. Caregiver coping strategies Caregiver self check: Excessive exposure to crying may tip the motivation from a concern with the infant’s distress to a desire to alleviate his or her own discomfort in listening to the cry.

44. Caregiver coping strategies Competent secure care – walk away

45. Questions & MORE Questions When is it appropriate to soothe a crying child? When do we let them cry it out?

46. Lydia Leeds MA MEd SNLLeeds@yahoo.com Josh Thompson PhD Assistant Professor Early Childhood Ed Texas A&M University-Commerce Texas A&M University-Commerce Josh_Thompson@TAMU-Commerce.edu Presentation Website: Faculty.TAMU-Commerce.edu/ JThompson/Resources/InfantCry.htm