1. The Constitution as a Document of Compromise, Balance, and Flexibility

2. Compromise Representation Representation –Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan Virginia Plan – Representation based on state populations; bicameral legislature (House and Senate); president elected by Congress. Virginia Plan – Representation based on state populations; bicameral legislature (House and Senate); president elected by Congress. New Jersey Plan – Unicameral legislature (House); weaker Congress and Executive. New Jersey Plan – Unicameral legislature (House); weaker Congress and Executive.

3. Compromise (cont.) –The Great Compromise Number of Representatives per state would be based on the state’s population; each state would have two senators. Number of Representatives per state would be based on the state’s population; each state would have two senators. Slavery Slavery –Three-Fifths Compromise Representation in the House would be based on the total free population plus 3/5 of the slaves in each state. Representation in the House would be based on the total free population plus 3/5 of the slaves in each state.

4. Balance Federalism Federalism –Division of power between the national and state governments. Separation of Powers Separation of Powers –Power is divided between three branches of government which all have separate and independent powers.

5. Balance (cont.) Checks and Balances Checks and Balances –Each branch can monitor and limit the powers of the others.

6. Flexibility Admission of New States Admission of New States Amendments Amendments Ensured that the Constitution would be flexible and able to change over time. Ensured that the Constitution would be flexible and able to change over time. Necessary and Proper Clause Necessary and Proper Clause Gives Congress the power to "make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper" for the nation. Gives Congress the power to "make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper" for the nation.

7. Purposes of the Constitution Establish Legitimacy Establish Legitimacy Create Appropriate Structures Create Appropriate Structures Describe and Distribute Power Describe and Distribute Power Limit Government Powers Limit Government Powers Allow for Change Allow for Change

8. Bill of Rights The first ten amendments to the Constitution. The first ten amendments to the Constitution. It was integral to the ratification of the Constitution. It was integral to the ratification of the Constitution.

9. Federalists vs. Antifederalists Federalists – Supported a strong federal government that would share powers with the states. Federalists – Supported a strong federal government that would share powers with the states. Antifederalists – Opposed ratification of the Constitution and wanted to keep the Articles of Confederation. Antifederalists – Opposed ratification of the Constitution and wanted to keep the Articles of Confederation.