1. The Roots of American Democracy
Chapter 3
The Roots of American Democracy
What ideas gave birth to the world’s first modern democratic nation? 1 1

2. Reading Read Section 3.1. Then respond to these questions:
What historic events did the two bicentennial celebrations in the United States mark?
Of what did the bicentennial events remind Americans? Why were these events so powerful?
What ideas do you think gave birth to the world’s first modern democratic nation?
NO MORE KINGS!!! 2 2

3. Early Roots

4. Early Roots

5. Early Roots

6. Early Roots

7. Key Events
Mayflower Compact – first written framework for self-government in the colonies
IMPACT: Colonists learn to create rules and governments for themselves
Virginia House of Burgesses – first elected assembly in the colonies
IMPACT: Elected assemblies spread through the colonies

8. Key Events
French and Indian War – After the war Britain imposed taxes and restrictions on the colonies
IMPACT: Colonists feel Britain is restricting their rights
Stamp Act – Britain taxes colonists on paper goods
IMPACT: Colonists feel that taxation without representation is unjust

9. Key Events
Lexington and Concord – first armed conflict between Britain and Colonists
IMPACT: Start of American Revolution
Declaration of Independence – formal break with Britain
IMPACT: Creates vision for a government responsible to the people

10. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
How did state constitutions lay the groundwork for the U.S. Constitution?
Idea that government should be based on an established set of principles like:
Popular sovereignty
Limited government

11. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:
No power to tax or control trade
No executive to enforce laws
No court system
Why?
Fear of a strong central government

12. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Three major challenges
Representation – big states vs. little states
Resolved by the Great Compromise which created a bicameral (two house) legislature
Slavery
Resolved by counting slaves as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation
Electing a President
Resolved by setting up the Electoral College

13. Electoral College
There are 48 States that have a winner-takes-all rule for the Electoral College. In these States, whichever candidate receives a majority of the vote, or a plurality of the popular vote (less than 50 percent but more than any other candidate) takes all of the State's electoral votes.

14. Electoral College 4 Times (1824,1876,1888,2000)
The winner of the Presidential Election did not win the Popular Vote!
John Q. Adams
Rutherford Hayes
Benjamin Harrison
George Bush
2000 Election Details

15. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Partner UP!
Read Sections 3.5 and 3.6 and
List three beliefs of the Federalists
List three beliefs of the Anti-Federalists

16. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Federalists
Favored strong central government
Believed separation of powers kept government from becoming too strong
Believed in federalism (power divided between central and regional governments)
Anti-Federalists
Feared strong government
Believed states are better able to represent people
Feared the Constitution lacked a bill of rights to protect citizens

17. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Look up due process. What does it mean?
Read Sections 4.2 and 4.3 and explain the purpose of each of the main parts of the Constitution.
Preamble
Articles
Amendments

18. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Preamble – purpose of the government
Articles – define the powers of the three branches of governments
Amendments – list formal changes to the Constitution

19. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Enumerated powers are those powers specifically listed in the Constitution.
Implied powers are those powers that come from the ‘elastic clause’ which allows Congress to make all laws necessary for carrying out its duties.

20. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Why does each branch have different powers?
So no single branch becomes too powerful and each branch is both accountable and responsible for the other branches (checks and balances)

21. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Legislative – make laws, approve treaties
Executive – enforces laws, negotiates treaties
Judicial – interprets laws and determines constitutionality

22. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Amendments (changes to the Constitution)
Proposed by Congress with a 2/3 vote in both houses
¾ of the state legislatures ratify (approve) the amendment

23. Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Judicial Review means that the Supreme Court has
the responsibility to determine whether laws are
Constitutional!!

24. Unit 1 Assessment Topics
Nation-state
Legitimacy
Public goods
Monarchy
Dictatorship
Market Economy
Command Economy
Federal system
Popular sovereignty
Marbury v. Madison
Natural rights
Constitutional issues and resolutions
Great Compromise
Articles of Confederation
Due Process
Purpose of the three parts of the Constitution