1. THE ETHNIC DIVERSITY SURVEY (EDS) THE ETHNIC DIVERSITY SURVEY (EDS) Content and Data Availability Kelly Tran kelly.tran@statcan.ca 416-952-1919 Statistics Canada June 21, 2005 Statistics Canada Statistique Canada Canadian Heritage Patrimoine canadien

2. Outline of presentation Overview of the Ethnic Diversity Survey –objectives –survey design –content Review of Ethnic Diversity Survey products Advice on use of data on the EDS Analytical File Description of the EDS Public Use Microdata File

3. Ethnic Diversity Survey objectives  To provide information on the ethnic and cultural backgrounds of people in Canada and how these backgrounds relate to their lives today  To provide information to better understand how Canadians of different ethnic backgrounds interpret and report their ethnicity  Survey funded jointly by Statistics Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage

4. Target population & sample design  Non-Aboriginal individuals aged 15 years and older living in private dwellings in Canada’s ten provinces  57,200 persons selected to be interviewed between April and August 2002  Two-phase stratified sampling design based on responses to the 2001 Census ethnic origin, birthplace & birthplace of parents questions; 15 strata were created

5. Reference period & data collection  Computer Assisted Telephone interviews April to August 2002  Average length of interview: 35 to 45 minutes  No proxy reporting  42,500 respondents: response rate = 75.6%

6. Languages of interview  English  French  Mandarin  Cantonese  Italian  Punjabi  Portuguese  Vietnamese  Spanish

7. Content development  Theoretical framework developed  Balance of content, response burden and manageable costs  Operationalization of concepts into workable questions to be asked of a diverse population  Consultation with Advisory Committees  Focus groups, one-on-one testing, pilot test

8.  Basic demographics  Family / household composition  Ethnic self-definition  Religion, language  Family background and family Interaction  Social networks and civic participation  Perceptions of discrimination  Sense of belonging, trust and satisfaction  Socio-economic activities Final content of the Ethnic Diversity Survey

9. Survey themes & questionnaire content  Entry Age, sex, marital status Family / household composition  Ethnic self-definition Ethnic ancestry Ethnic identity Importance of ancestries and identities

10. Survey themes and content (continued)  Respondent background Birthplace Citizenship Year of immigration Other countries lived in Visible minority status Religion: importance of, participation

11. Survey themes and content (continued)  Knowledge & use of languages First language: understood & spoken Knowledge of languages Home languages Languages used with friends Languages used with family to age 15 Languages used at work

12. Survey themes and content (continued)  Family background Ethnicity, first language, highest level of schooling and religion of mother and father Birthplace of parents and grandparents Ethno-cultural, immigration, language, education and religion data for spouse Language data for child aged 3 or older

13. Survey themes and content (continued)  Family Interaction Frequency of contact with family living in Canada Frequency of contact with family living in parents’ & grandparents’ birthplaces and in other countries Visits to country of birth & parents’ & grandparents countries of birth

14. Survey themes and content (continued)  Social Networks Friends in ethnic group, up until respondent was age 15 and now –For 2 highest rated ancestry groups other than “Canadian” Importance of carrying on customs and traditions –For 2 highest rate ancestry groups other than “Canadian” ranked a 4 or 5 in importance in ID module

15. Survey themes and content (continued)  Civic Participation Participation in groups or organizations in the past 12 months (ethnic and other types) Frequency of participation (for 3 groups) Ethnicity of co-members (for 3 groups) –For 2 highest rated ancestry groups other than “Canadian” ranked a 4 or 5 in importance in ID module Volunteering (for 3 groups) Voting in federal, provincial & municipal elections

16. Survey themes and content (continued)  Interaction with Society Feeling uncomfortable because of ethnicity, culture, race, language, religion: up until the age of 15 and now Discrimination or unfair treatment in the past 5 years as a result of ethno-cultural characteristics: frequency, reason & place Hate crime: experience, reason & worry

17. Survey themes and content (continued)  Attitudes Rating of sense of belonging to family, ethnic group, town/ city/ municipality, province, Canada, North America  Trust & Satisfaction General life satisfaction Trust: general, family, neighbours, people at work or school

18. Survey themes and content (continued)  Socio-economic activities Highest level of schooling, country of schooling & current school attendance Labour force questions, occupation, industry & income (personal & household) Ethnicity of co-workers –For 2 highest rated ancestry groups other than “Canadian” ranked a 4 or 5 in importance in ID module

19. Ethnic Diversity Survey products  Official release in Statistics Canada’s The Daily September 29, 2003  Analytic article: Ethnic Diversity Survey: portrait of a multicultural society  Public Use Microdata File (PUMF)  Custom tabulations  Analytical file at Research Data Centres

20. Survey documentation  Survey overview and questionnaire: http://www.statcan.ca/english/sdds/4508.htm  Codebooks with and without frequencies  Users’ Guide (and methodology and data quality documentation)  WesVar Users’ Guide (bootstrap weights)

21. Research Data Centres (RDCs)  University of British Columbia  University of Calgary  University of Alberta  University of Manitoba  University of Western Ontario  University of Waterloo  University of Toronto  Queen's University  Carleton Ottawa Outaouais Local (COOL) RDC  Federal Data Access Centre  McMaster University  University of Montréal  University of New Brunswick  Dalhousie University

22. Analytical data file at RDCs  Access granted through application to Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, available at: http://www.sshrc.ca/web/apply/program_descrip tions/ciss_reseach_data_e.asp  EDS file includes all content from the survey: raw data and derived variables  Includes detailed geographic identifiers  Includes some 2001 Census information

23. Final content of the Analytical File  Includes data for 42,476 respondents  All content from the survey (raw data in flat file format with SAS and SPSS cards)  Derived variables  Some 2001 Census information (e.g. major field of study, number of rooms in dwelling)  Postal code and other detailed geographic identifiers are present

24. Survey weights  Each respondent represents a certain number of other people in the population who were not part of the sample  Population weights & bootstrap weights (used to determine coefficients of variation) are included on the Analytical File present in the RDCS  A weight is associated with each respondent and must be used for all estimates and analysis

25. The use of survey weights is crucial  The sampling ratio differs widely from one strata to another;  The final weight assigned to each respondent underwent numerous adjustments for non- response and post-stratification;  The weighting of data ensure that the EDS sample is representative of the target population;  Without the weights: false / misleading results for most types of analysis.

26. WesVar software: variance  Used to verify coefficients of variation (cvs)  Can also be used for regression analysis  WesVar reads.ssd,.xpt,.sav,.dat and.txt files  Does not alter the original file, but creates a new one; can be used to view or print output  Tip: include all the variables in the first WesVar file you create - otherwise you will need to repeat later and importing files can be slow

27. Analysis: Level of geography  Good quality data are generally available at national, regional and provincial levels and for Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver CMAs;  Atlantic provinces are always aggregated;  Counts at the census subdivision and municipality level are generally small and the results of survey estimations will probably be unreliable and/or the results may be unsuitable for publication because of the risk of statistical disclosure.

28. Analysis: Complexity of data  Some concepts are similar yet distinctly different from one another: ancestry, identity, visible minority status, language, religion, etc.  Multiple response variables: e.g. ethnic ancestry, identity, languages, organizations, etc.  Follow-up questions for some topics: (a) universe is restricted; (b) requires link to inserted ethnic ancestry/language/group or organization.

29. EDS Public Use Microdata File (PUMF)  Extensive list of variables, but not as detailed as the RDC file… reduced detail protects confidentiality.  Flat file format, with SAS and SPSS cards, CV tables.  PUMF sample was 41,695 compared to 42,476 in the analytic file.  Access through the Data Liberation Initiative, free of charge, or, copies may be purchased for $2,140. To purchase a copy contact client services at (613) 951-5979 or by e-mail at sasd-dssea@statcan.ca

30. EDS PUMF: Selected content geography and ethnic ancestry  Geography: Canada Toronto, Montréal, Vancouver, Other CMAs, Non-CMAs  Ethnic ancestry: 2 “counter” variables 2 summary variables 1 detailed variable (in 8 parts), showing 50 ethnic and cultural groupings

31. EDS PUMF: Selected content ethnic identity, importance of ethnicity  Ethnic identity: 2 “counter” variables 2 summary variables 1 detailed variable (in 6 parts), showing 27 ethnic and cultural groupings  Importance ratings for ancestry and identity  Flags indicating differences between original responses versus final codes

32. EDS PUMF: Selected content ethnic salience  Follow-up questions: Raw variables for ethnicity of friends now and when growing up Raw and derived variables for ethnic customs and traditions Raw variables for knowledge of local ethnic associations Derived variables for co-participators have same ethnic ancestry or ethnic ancestries (2 summary variables)  Sense of belonging to ethnic group

33. EDS PUMF: Selected content birthplace and generations  Respondent’s birthplace: 12 specific countries, 7 broader world regions  Birthplace of parents variable shows “Same as” or “Different from” respondent.  1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd plus generation  Period of arrival for 1 st generation: before 1991 or between 1991-2001  Age at arrival for 1 st generation: 0-5, 6-14, 15-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65+

34. Complexity of data on RDC file and PUMF: Concepts & multiple responses  Similar yet distinctly different concepts: ancestry, identity, visible minority status, language, religion, etc. Determine relevancy to research, carefully select variables  Multiple response variables: e.g. ethnic ancestry, identity, languages, organizations Choose summary or detailed variables Detailed variables: need to combine data from more than one variable/field and create user- defined “dummy variables”

35. Complexity of data on RDC file and PUMF: Follow-up questions  Asked of only a select population;  Requires linking to inserted ethnicity (or language or group or organization);  Ethnicity response provided by the respondent may be slightly different from the text name for the ethnic code included on the file (use of flags recommended);  Again, multiple response issue: need to combine data and create user-defined derived variables.

36. Research potential with the EDS Unpacking Ethnicity EDS Discrimination & Unfair Treatment Social Networks Participation in Society Transnationalism Transmission of Culture & Language Social Capital Socio-economic Status

37. Other Statistics Canada data sources on ethnic diversity Main sources:  Census  Longitudinal Immigration Data Base (IMDB)  Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC) Other sources:  Canadian Community Health Survey  Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics  Youth in Transition Survey  Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey

38. Questions? Analytical File: Contact your local RDC analyst PUMF: Client Services Social & Aboriginal Statistics Division 613-951-5979 sasd-dssea@statcan.ca