1. The United States Government Karen Pollard 2005-2006

2. The United States Government Three Branches of Government * Legislative Branch * Legislative Branch * Executive Branch * Executive Branch * Judicial Branch * Judicial Branch Checks and Balances Checks and Balances

3. Founding Fathers James Madison; Primary author of The Constitution Benjamin Franklin George Washington Thomas Jefferson Patrick Henry John Jay John AdamsAlexander Hamilton

4. The Constitution The Founding Fathers, the framers of the Constitution, wanted to form a government that did not allow one person to have too much authority or control. The Founding Fathers, the framers of the Constitution, wanted to form a government that did not allow one person to have too much authority or control.Founding Fathers ConstitutionFounding Fathers Constitution The framers wrote the Constitution to provide for a separation of powers, or three separate branches of government. The framers wrote the Constitution to provide for a separation of powers, or three separate branches of government.separation of powersseparation of powers This is done through checks and balances This is done through checks and balanceschecks and balanceschecks and balances

5. The Three Branches of Government

6. The Capitol Building

7. What is the Legislative Branch? The legislative branch of government is made up of the Congress and government agencies. The legislative branch of government is made up of the Congress and government agencies. The Constitution established this branch and gave Congress the power to make laws. The Constitution established this branch and gave Congress the power to make laws.Constitution

8. The Legislative Branch & Congress The U.S. Congress is made up of two parts, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The U.S. Congress is made up of two parts, the House of Representatives and the Senate. Congress meets at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. Congress meets at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. Its primary duty is to write, debate, and pass bills, which are then passed on to the President for approval. Its primary duty is to write, debate, and pass bills, which are then passed on to the President for approval.

9. Other Powers of Congress Makes laws controlling trade between states and between the United States and other countries. Makes laws controlling trade between states and between the United States and other countries. Makes laws about taxes and borrowing money. Makes laws about taxes and borrowing money. Approves the making of money. Approves the making of money. Can declare war on other countries. Can declare war on other countries.

10. Two Parts of Congress The House of Representatives Representation is based on the number of people living in each state. Representation is based on the number of people living in each state. There are a total of 435 representatives in the House. There are a total of 435 representatives in the House. States with larger populations have more representation than states with smaller populations. States with larger populations have more representation than states with smaller populations.

11. The House of Representatives

12. Representatives Representatives must: Be at least 25 years old. Be at least 25 years old. Be a U.S. citizen for the past 7 years. Be a U.S. citizen for the past 7 years. Live in the state they represent. Live in the state they represent. Each representative serves a term of 2 years. Each representative serves a term of 2 years. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative can serve. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative can serve.

13. Jobs of Representatives Start laws that make people pay taxes. Start laws that make people pay taxes. Decide if a government official should be put on trial before the Senate if s/he commits a crime against the country. Decide if a government official should be put on trial before the Senate if s/he commits a crime against the country.

14. Two Parts of Congress The Senate Each of the 50 states sends 2 people to the Senate. Each of the 50 states sends 2 people to the Senate. Total of 100 senators Total of 100 senators Each state has equal representation in the Senate. Each state has equal representation in the Senate.

15. The United States Senate

16. Senators Senators must: Be at least 30 years old. Be at least 30 years old. Be a U.S. citizen for the past 9 years. Be a U.S. citizen for the past 9 years. Live in the state they represent. Live in the state they represent. Each senator serves a term of 6 years. Each senator serves a term of 6 years. There is no limit on terms a senator can be elected. There is no limit on terms a senator can be elected.

17. Jobs of Senators Say yes or no to any treaties the president makes. Say yes or no to any treaties the president makes. Say yes or no to any people the president recommends for jobs, such as cabinet officers, Supreme Court justices, and ambassadors. Say yes or no to any people the president recommends for jobs, such as cabinet officers, Supreme Court justices, and ambassadors. Can hold a trial for a government official who does something very wrong. Can hold a trial for a government official who does something very wrong.

18. The Executive Branch The executive branch of government makes sure that the laws of the United States are obeyed. The executive branch of government makes sure that the laws of the United States are obeyed. The President of the United States is the head of the executive branch of government. The President of the United States is the head of the executive branch of government. The President gets help from the Vice President, department heads (Cabinet members), and heads of independent agencies. The President gets help from the Vice President, department heads (Cabinet members), and heads of independent agencies.

19. The White House President’s Oval Office The White House

20. Diplomatic Reception Room State Dining Room The Red Room The Blue Room The Vermeil Room

21. Parts of the Executive Branch President: Leader of the country and commands the military. President: Leader of the country and commands the military. Vice President: President of the Senate and becomes President if the President can no longer do the job. Vice President: President of the Senate and becomes President if the President can no longer do the job. Departments: Department heads advise the President on issues and help carry out policies. Departments: Department heads advise the President on issues and help carry out policies. Independent Agencies: Help carry out policy or provide special services. Independent Agencies: Help carry out policy or provide special services.

22. Jobs of The President Head of the executive branch Head of the executive branch Approves or vetoes laws that Congress creates Approves or vetoes laws that Congress creates American Head of State; meeting with leaders of other countries and can make treaties with them. American Head of State; meeting with leaders of other countries and can make treaties with them. Chief of the Government Chief of the Government Official head of the U.S. military Official head of the U.S. military Can declare war with the approval of Congress. Can declare war with the approval of Congress.

23. To Be The President Must be at least 35 years old Must be at least 35 years old Must be a natural-born U.S. citizen and have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years Must be a natural-born U.S. citizen and have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years Serves a term of four years Serves a term of four years Can serve two terms for a total of eight years Can serve two terms for a total of eight years

24. The President’s Advisors When the President wants advice, he asks a group of people called the Cabinet. When the President wants advice, he asks a group of people called the Cabinet. They advise the President. They advise the President. The Cabinet includes the Vice President, the heads of 15 executive branch departments, and other Government officials chosen by the President. The Cabinet includes the Vice President, the heads of 15 executive branch departments, and other Government officials chosen by the President. The Cabinet meets at least once a week to discuss matters that effect the United States. The Cabinet meets at least once a week to discuss matters that effect the United States.

25. The Presidential Cabinet Secretary of State Secretary of State Secretary of Defense Secretary of Defense Secretary of Treasury Secretary of Treasury Attorney General Attorney General Secretary of the Interior Secretary of the Interior Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Energy Secretary of Energy Secretary of Housing Secretary of Transportation Secretary of Education Secretary of Veteran’s Affairs Secretary of Labor Secretary of Health & Human Services Secretary of Homeland Security

26. The Judicial Branch The judicial branch of government is made up of the court system. The judicial branch of government is made up of the court system. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land. Courts decide arguments about the meaning of laws, how they are applied, and whether they break the rules of the Constitution. Courts decide arguments about the meaning of laws, how they are applied, and whether they break the rules of the Constitution.

27. The Supreme Court

28. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. The Supreme Court hears cases that have made their way through the court system. The Supreme Court hears cases that have made their way through the court system. The main power of the Supreme Court is to decide cases that challenge the Constitution. The main power of the Supreme Court is to decide cases that challenge the Constitution.

29. Justices of the Supreme Court The Supreme Court is made up of nine Justices. The Supreme Court is made up of nine Justices. One is the Chief Justice. One is the Chief Justice. Appointed by the President and must be approved by the Senate. Appointed by the President and must be approved by the Senate. Justices have their jobs for life, unless they resign, retire, or are impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate Justices have their jobs for life, unless they resign, retire, or are impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate There are no requirements to be a justice; but they are trained in the law. There are no requirements to be a justice; but they are trained in the law.

30. The Justices 2005

31. How Laws are Made Laws can be made by the national government or by individual state governments. Laws can be made by the national government or by individual state governments. National laws are made in Congress. National laws are made in Congress. Congress can make laws on all kinds of matters. Congress can make laws on all kinds of matters.

32. Laws begin in the Senate A Senator writes a bill. A Senator writes a bill. A committee reviews the bill; then… A committee reviews the bill; then… *Sends the bill back with no changes. *Makes changes and sends it back. *Tables the bill -- In other words, they do nothing. The bill is voted on by the Senate and over half of the senators (51 of 100) must vote yes to pass it. The bill is voted on by the Senate and over half of the senators (51 of 100) must vote yes to pass it.

33. Laws and The House of Representatives The bill goes to a House committee The bill goes to a House committee The committee studies the bill The committee studies the bill The bill is voted on by the representatives. The bill is voted on by the representatives. Over half of the representatives (218 of 435) must vote yes to pass the bill. Over half of the representatives (218 of 435) must vote yes to pass the bill.

34. Laws and the President If the bill passes the Senate and House… If the bill passes the Senate and House… Then the bill goes to the President Then the bill goes to the President If the president signs the bill, it becomes a law. If the president signs the bill, it becomes a law. The bill may also become law if the president does not sign it for 10 days. The bill may also become law if the president does not sign it for 10 days. If the president rejects (vetoes) the bill, it can still become a law if two-thirds of the Senate and two-thirds of the House vote in favor of it. If the president rejects (vetoes) the bill, it can still become a law if two-thirds of the Senate and two-thirds of the House vote in favor of it.vetoes Finally, the Supreme Court decides if it’s Constitutional Finally, the Supreme Court decides if it’s Constitutional

35. Checks and Balances Founding fathers wanted to avoid tyranny. Founding fathers wanted to avoid tyranny. Framers of the Constitution balanced power among the 3 Branches Framers of the Constitution balanced power among the 3 Branches Each branch “checks” or restrains the powers of the other two branches. Each branch “checks” or restrains the powers of the other two branches.

36. Balance of Power “Checks and Balances

37. Checks and Balances The power of government is balanced when it takes all 3 branches of government to pass laws. The power of government is balanced when it takes all 3 branches of government to pass laws. The U.S. Congress begins the law as a bill The U.S. Congress begins the law as a bill The President passes/vetoes the law The President passes/vetoes the law The Supreme Court decides if the law if Constitutional The Supreme Court decides if the law if Constitutional

38. Responsibilities of Citizens  Voting  Serving on a Jury  Paying taxes  Serving in the Military  Obeying the Laws

39. We rest this case.