1. The Constitution of the U.S.

2. A Bit of History The Articles of Confederation The first government was a confederation – The Articles of Confederation—which gave the states the majority of power. There proved to be too many problems for a “country” when each individual state can make their own decisions.

3. A revolt in Massachusetts over taxes (Shays Rebellion) led to armed conflict… The revolutionaries saw fit to revolt again!! The country’s leaders saw the need for immediate change if we were going to survive as a nation!

4. Philadelphia In 1787, delegates met in Philadelphia to reform, eventually completely redo, our form of government. Constitutional Convention This would become known as the Constitutional Convention and our government, country would be created here.

5. Open your book to 760. The entire Constitution is included from 760-771 If you don’t understand the actually articles, check out the blue commentary—it summarizes it.

6. These words create our entire country. What the government is Who the government is What it can / can’t do. What your rights are Your protections EVERYTHING!!! EVERYTHING!!!

7. Pages 771-779 are the Amendments These are personal freedoms that were insisted upon in 1787—no list of personal rights, no constitution. Bill of Rights The first 10 Amendments are the Bill of Rights James Madison James Madison did these “Father the Constitution” He is known as the “Father the Constitution” for the influence he had in so many phases of our early country.

8. The Constitution 4,543 words, including the signatures Includes: Includes: – A Preamble – A Preamble; – 7 “Articles”; – 27 amendments Article Each Article Outlines the roles of each branch of the government AMENDMENTS At the end of the document are the changes that have happened—the AMENDMENTS 1 st 10—all our personal rights--added by James Madison to please the people in 1797 17 added since then

9. Trivia Winners!! 55 representatives met in Philadelphia in 1787. Rhode Island did not participate—did not want their economy hurt by a U.S. gov. Eventually had to give in and join the nation—but only by a vote of 34-32 It took about 6 weeks to get it to the first draft. A “style committee” then “cleaned it up” to the language needed. George Washington signed first (but no proof) It’s written on parchment—treated animal skin.— only a small repair is the only paper on it!!! It (all 4 pages!) is located now in the National Archives in Washington DC

11. A Preamble introduces something It’s the first notes of music in a song. It’s the person who introduces a speaker. It prepares the people for what is to come…

12. Amendments #1-8 #1-8 Are Personal Rights #9 #9 Is about the rights you have but aren’t listed #10 #10 –States that all powers not specifically given to the National Government belong to the States and to the People #11-27 are the Changes that have come up since then…

13. Preamble to the Declaration of Independence The Preamble to the Declaration of Independence tells why the Americans were revolting. Preamble to the Constitution The Preamble to the Constitution outlines the basis of our form of government.

14. The Preamble to the Constitution more perfect Union Justice Tranquilitycommon defencegeneral Welfare Blessings of Liberty We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

15. Article I Sets Up the Lawmakers

16. Article II Sets up the Presidency

17. Article III Sets Up the Courts

18. Article IV Establishes Relations between States

19. Article V Sets Up the Rules for Amendments Gov. Gardner signing resolution ratifying amendment to U.S. Constitution granting universal franchise to women, 1919

20. How to Amend? Wasn’t meant to be! If change your mind all the time—people won’t take you seriously… An idea/Amendment must be proposed by: 2/3 both houses or National Convention Then must be approved by ¾ of the states (37) It ain’t easy!

21. Article VI Deals with Debts, the Supremacy of National Law, and the Oath of Office

22. Article VI Tells How the Constitution Will Be “Ratified”— Accepted As Law. The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

23. Delaware - December 7, 1787 Pennsylvania - December 12, 1787 New Jersey - December 18, 1787 Georgia - January 2, 1788 Connecticut - January 9, 1788 Massachusetts - February 6, 1788 Maryland - April 28, 1788 South Carolina - May 23, 1788 New Hampshire - June 21, 1788 Virginia - June 25, 1788 New York - July 26, 1788 North Carolina - November 21, 1789 Rhode Island - May 29, 1790

24. The Electoral College Then The Framers did not want Congress or the unwashed masses (us) to elect the president. (and communication was slow and difficult) The “electors” would do it. 1800 Election was a mess—caused changes— the 12 th AmendmentToday: Each state has the same number of electors as members of Congress. President must win a majority of electoral votes to be president. (270) They meet in Dec. after the election to cast their votes They are not bound by law to vote with the people. President is officially elected in January.

26. 2008

27. Defects: Winner of the popular vote is not guaranteed to be president Winner of the popular vote is not guaranteed to be president Take the 2000 election Take the 2000 election Bush v Gore Bush v Gore

28. It came down to Florida 25 electoral votes—who gets this state, wins. 96,000 votes were thrown out (convicted felons—this proved to be wrong but it was too late to do anything). They were Democratic votes. In Florida there was a 500 vote difference. The “physical ballots” were called into question. A recount was ordered—but it would continue after the established deadline—Bush went through the Supreme Court to void the recount. 7 of the 9 Court. They agreed that the count after the deadline was illegal. 7 of 9 were Republican appointed (BIG NOTE: They followed the law—not politics.) The Florida Sec. of State who certified the vote was Bush’s campaign co-chair. The Governor of Florida was Jeb Bush, George’s brother. Does all of this look funny?

30. Defects-2 Electors are not bound by law to vote for the popular winner. Electors are not bound by law to vote for the popular winner. Elections can be thrown into the House of Representatives (which will make it political). Elections can be thrown into the House of Representatives (which will make it political). Requires a Constitutional Amendment to change. Requires a Constitutional Amendment to change.