1. Types of Population Policies
Pro-natalist / Expansive
Anti-natalist / Restrictive

2. U.S.S.R. - pro-natalist Starting on July 8, 1944 the government of the
U.S.S.R. began awarding medals to women in order
to encourage a high fertility rate.

3. Why did the government believe there was a need for a pro-natalist policy at this time ?

4. Motherhood Medal 2nd Class
5 children 8,000,000 awarded

5. Motherhood Medal 1st Class
6 children ,000,000 awarded

6. Order of Maternal Glory 3rd Class
7 children ,000,000 awarded

7. Order of Maternal Glory 2nd Class
8 children ,000,000 awarded

8. Order of Maternal Glory 1st Class
9 children ,000 awarded

9. Order Mother Heroine
10 children ,000 awarded

10. Germany Cross of Honor of the German Mother
(Ehrenkreuz der deutschen Mutter)

11. Bronze 3rd Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 4, 5
Bronze 3rd Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 4, 5
Silver 2nd Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 6, 7
Gold 1st Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 8 or more
Diamond – 14 or more

12. China - anti-natalist

13. One Child Policy 1979 - rewards start once 1 child contract is signed
free medical care
free daycare and schooling
guaranteed job for child
bonuses for parents
extra maternity leave
better housing
bigger old age pension
Penalties
must repay financial
benefits
educational, medical
benefits, & guaranteed
jobs are withdrawn
parents’ wages reduced

14. Millions of dollars have been spent on education and on advertising.

17. Do a good job in family planning to promote economic development
Do a good job in family planning to promote economic development

18. The anti-natalist policies worked so well,
now China is promoting births again

19. Bolivia

20. Ethiopia

21. Vietnam: Two children are enough!

22. Why do you believe that most
posters show a girl rather than a boy ?

23. What do you notice about this population pyramid? Note two things.

24. India Wait until the 1st child is 3 before having your 2nd

25. What do you notice about India’s pyramid?

26. Egypt

27. United States

28. Why would a country want an anti-natalist policy ?

31. Thomas Malthus ( )

32. Current world population: 7.1 billion

33. From Plan B 2.0
Per capita income in China will equal that of the US by 2031 if China’s economy grows at current pace.
With a projected population of 1.4 billion at the time, a China as prosperous as the US would:
Burn 99 million barrels of oil a day, 18% more than is now produced globally
Consume 2/3 of world’s current grain harvest
Use twice as much paper as the world currently produces
Drive 1.1 billion cars, more than the world’s 2005 fleet of 800 million--forcing China to pave roads, highways, and parking lots equal to the area it now plants in rice.

34. Why would a country want a pro-natalist policy ?

36. Problem is not resources, but allocation of resources…

38. Costs of Population Decline/Aging Population: 1
Costs of Population Decline/Aging Population: 1. Dependency ratio, currently 3:1, will become 1.5:1 by 2050.

39. Costs of Population Decline/Aging Population: 2
Costs of Population Decline/Aging Population: 2. ‘Graying Means Paying’: the rise of the ‘old,old’ (85+ yrs old) will require care…Expensive care. Who will pay? Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Ireland already on verge of bankruptcy.

40. Costs of Population Decline/Aging Population: 3
Costs of Population Decline/Aging Population: 3. In Germany, foreign workers (mostly Turkish) will constitute 30% of population. What problems might that entail?

41. Costs of Population Decline/Aging Population: 4. Fewer soldiers
Costs of Population Decline/Aging Population: 4. Fewer soldiers. Thus, ignore some international problems, over-react to others.

43. In recent years China has relaxed the
rules, and in some cases have even
started encouraging two children.
In many cases, parents are not taking
advantage of this opportunity.
Why ?

44. Quebec - Pro-natalist
1950’s - one of the highest Fertility Rates in the
developed world (Catholic & rural)
FR of 1.4 (1.7 Canada) & Quebec’s share
of Canadian population was decreasing

45. 1987 1st set of incentives $500 for each of 1st 2 children
$3000 for each subsequent child
child care facilities improved & expanded
tax free family allowance if 2 or more children
interest free housing loans (up to $7000)

46. 1992 1997 2nd set of incentives $500 for 1st child $1000 for 2nd child
$6000 for each subsequent child
other benefits remained the same
1997
Program ended after 10 yrs. of minimal success

47. Greek debt crisis: Retirement age 58