1. Egyptian Gods
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

2. Introduction
What is now known as Egyptian mythology was the religion of Ancient Egypt ( BC)
The Egyptian gods were represented with human torsos and human or animal heads
The ka, a duplicate of the body, accompanied the body throughout life and, after death, departed from the body to take its place in the kingdom of the dead
The ka, however, could not exist without the body; the corpse had to be preserved. Bodies were embalmed and mummified
After arriving in the kingdom of the dead, the ka was judged by Anubis/Osiris, the king of the dead (feather test).
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

3. Part I. Egyptian mythology
The Egyptians believed that in the beginning, the universe was filled with the dark waters of chaos
The first god, Ra (The Sun God), appeared from the water as the land of Egypt appears every year out of the flood waters of the Nile
Ra spat and out of the spittle came out the gods Shu (air) and Tefnut (moisture)
The world was created when Shu & Tefnut gave birth to 2 children: Nut (sky) & Geb (the Earth)
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

4. Osiris was the son of Geb and Nut and king of Egypt
Osiris was the son of Geb and Nut and king of Egypt. His brother Seth represented evil in the universe
He murdered Osiris and himself became the king. After killing Osiris, Seth tore his body into pieces, but Isis (The wife of Osiris) rescued most of the pieces for burial beneath the temple
Seth made himself king but was challenged by Osiris's son-Horus. Seth lost and was sent to the desert. He became the God of terrible storms.
Osiris was mummified by Anubis and became God of the dead. Horus became the King and from him descended the pharaohs.
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

5. Eye of Horus
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

6. Part I. Egyptian mythology
Egypt had a highly developed view of the afterlife with elaborate rituals for preparing the body and soul for a peaceful life after death
Beliefs about the soul and afterlife focused heavily on preservation of the body, or ba (the soul was known as the ka). This meant that embalming and mummification were practiced, in order to preserve the individual's identity in the afterlife
The intestines, lungs, liver and the stomach were preserved separately and stored in canopic jars protected by the Four sons of Horus
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

7. Isis: Egyptian Mother Goddess; wife of Osiris
Osiris: Egyptian God of the dead and the underworld
One of the four children of the earth (Geb) and the sky (Nut)
Horus: the Eye of Horus is an important Egyptian symbol of power
God of the sky, Horus became depicted as a falcon, or as a falcon-headed man
Son of Isis and Osiris
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

8. Isis
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

9. Other Gods
Bast: Egyptian cat goddess of the home and of the domestic cat; daughter of the sun god Ra
Sobek: Egyptian crocodile god; aids in the destruction of Seth
Anubis: Egyptian god of the dead/embalming, represented as a black jackal or dog
Apophis: God of Evil, Chaos
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

10. Other Gods
Bes: Protector of Households (Mothers and Children, Childbirth)
Nekhbet: Goddess of Upper Egypt
Nephthys: Goddess of Night, Tomb, Mourning
Thoth: God of the Moon, Writing, Knowledge
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

11. 2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri

12. Part IV. Animals
Many creatures were also mummified, sometimes thought to be pets of Egyptian families, but more likely they were the representations of the Gods. The ibis, crocodile, cats, nile perch and baboon can be found in perfect mummified forms
2017/4/21
Dr. Montoneri