2. WILKERSON ® C O R P O R A T I O N Training For Growth Into the 21st Century A Marketing Services Presentation ©1998 Wilkerson Corporation

3. We live at the bottom of an ocean of air.... Basic Pneumatics

4. Air has mass*, and the weight of our atmosphere is a staggering 5,700,000,000,000,000 TONS! (5,181,000,000,000,000 metric tons) Ouch! We are not crushed because only a fraction of the mass is acting on our bodies *Standard Air = 0.0749 lbs ft 3 ( 0.3655 Kg/m 2 ) Randy

5. The atmosphere also contains water in vapor form. At any given moment, the atmosphere is holding 3,100 cubic MILES* of water! Our very survival is dependent on this water vapor in the atmosphere. It acts as a buffer against solar heat and radiation. Randy *12,698 Km 3

6. Since the earliest times, man has used air to perform useful work. The early Egyptians used a bellows to compress air, which could be considered the first air compressor.

7. N 2 78% O 2 21% Ar,Ne,Kr,Xe, Nitrous oxide Carbon monoxide Methane 1% remaining Water vapor The makeup of air Dirt

8. Famous Dead Guys Dept......

9. Aristotle Bernoulli Boyle Charles Columbus Galileo Guy-Lussac Hippocrates Da Vinci Newton Pascal Ptolemy Rankine Torricelli

10. Evangelista Torricelli Nature abhorrs a vacuum… (I wonder what a vacuum is?….) The atmosphere [~30 feet (actually, 33.9) H 2 O] 1 [30 inches (29.92) Hg] 2 The barometer (A student of Galileo’s) Italian Physicist 1=1033.3cm 2=76.2cm

11. Robert Boyle English Physicist Boyle’s Law: “With a constant temperature, volume is inversely proportional to pressure.” (He was talking about air!)

12. Blaise Pascal French Physicist Proved that air contracts under pressure, using Torricelli’s barometer. The weight of the atmosphere decreases tenfold with every 12 miles* of altitude. At sea level= ~30” Hg At 3,000 feet= 27”Hg At 12 miles (63,360ft),=3”Hg; At 24 miles, =0.3”Hg Hey Evangelista! Can I borrow your barometer? *19.2Km

13. Jacques Alexandre Cesar´ Charles French Physicist (Winner of the longest name contest) Claim to fame: Established the relationship of temperature of the pressure and volume of air and other gases. (Charles Law) Starting at 0°Celsius, for every 1° increase (or decrease) in temperature, the volume of the air increased or decreased by 1/273. <Temperature is a measure of average molecular velocity.>

14. Robert Boyle English Physicist J.A.C. Charles French Physicist Established the relationship of temperature of the pressure and volume of air and other gases. (Charles Law) Boyle’s Law: “With a constant temperature, volume is inversely proportional to pressure.” The Ideal Gas Law

15. So, How does all this dead-guy stuff relate to Compressed Air and Compressed Air Systems?

16. To perform useful work with air, we compress it and store it under pressure like storing water behind a dam; this is potential energy. When we start using it to perform useful work, it is kinetic energy

17. You are what you breathe... …or,Life at the Compressor Inlet Acme Compressor Each Cubic Foot of Atmospheric Air Contains.... Dirt Water Vapors Intake Filter 25 - 50  m ACME CORPORATION NO WHERE, USA

18. A Closer Look at the Discharge x One Cubic Foot Ambient Air 7.8 = Compression Ratio @ 100 psig Look at all those molecules !!! 1,2,3,4,5.…yadda yadda yadda… …..and what’s that other stuff?…. Randy The Problem is Magnified!

19. Compressed Air Basics 7.8 to 1

20. To Be Continued…………... To Be Continued…………...