1. 200 years of OSH history Stewart Campbell WORKSHOP ON WORK SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEMS WITHIN OSH INSPECTION SYSTEMS 15 – 16 APRIL, 2014, BEIJING 1 EUCOSH Project on OSH in High Risk Sectors

2. Health and safety and the industrial revolution (UK) 1750-1850 Scale and nature of manufacturing; Power availability; Employment of children and women in industry; Long working days; Hazardous machines and hazardous substances; Public health. 2

3. Health and safety law – historical development (UK) Changes in focus — education, women and children, hours of work, wages, truck, safety, health, “well-being”; Addition of Sectors — Factories, Mines, Railways, Docks, Shipbuilding, Construction, Agriculture, Nuclear, Offices, Disciplined Services, Offshore; By 1970 — many separate inspectorates enforcing many separate laws. 3

4. Post 1970 (UK) Unification of law Unification of inspectorates; Greater involvement of social partners; Extension of law to employees, self employed, members of the public; Widening of concept of health and safety. 4

5. Changes in attitudes and approach 19 th century: employers’ resistance to social reform gradually changing to grudging acceptance of responsibilities; 20 th century, first half: – growth of employee rights and trade unionism; – employers and employees beginning to work together – enforcement of detailed law – slow improvement in standards – technological progress/rise in production/rise in accidents 5

6. Changes in attitude and approach 20 th Century, second half: – Awareness of health issues – Recognition of need to manage OHS better and development of management systems – Move from prescriptive, detailed legislation to goal- setting legislation – Recognition of needs of SMEs/ artisans – Dealing with major hazards – Movement of high risk processes away from western Europe 6

7. Changes in attitude and approach 20 th Century, second half, (cont.): – Free movement of labour – Decline in TU membership – Awareness of business culture issues – Development of strategic approaches coupled with target setting – Development of working programme – Reduction in accidents coupled with rise in “new” health problems. 7

8. The international context and the influence of Europe International Labour Organisation International Association of Labour Inspection International Social Security Association European Community/Union – Seveso – Framework Directive and “daughter” directives – The “general principles of prevention” – Reshaping of national law; – New and old Member States – OSH strategy – where is it going? 8

9. European and international issues Consistent implementation of directives Labour law v health and safety law Labour inspection and health and safety inspection The influence of insurance Stress about stress Over-protection of children and the public and degradation in public/political view of OHS 9

10. European and international issues Professionalisation of health and safety The integrated approach to health and safety/public health Focus on sickness absence: stopping workers going off work/getting workers back into work Healthy working lives Impact of the economic crisis?????? 10

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