1. The War for Europe and North Africa
Chapter 17
Section 2
Pages

2. The Battle of the Atlantic 1941-1943
U-boats off the coast of the eastern U.S. sink 87 ships
7 months sank 681 Allied ships
Prevent war materials and food from reaching the British and Soviets
Starve Britain into submission

3. The Battle of the Atlantic 1941-1943
Convoys escorted by destroyers
Sonar onboard ships
Airplanes equipped with radar
Allies destroy U-boats faster than Germany can build them
The U.S. producing 140 Liberty ships per month

4. The Battle of Stalingrad Summer 1942 – January 1943
To capture the southern oil fields of the Caucasus Mountains
To destroy a major industrial city
Stalin demands the defense of his namesake city at all costs
Brutal hand-to-hand combat
Germans control 90% of city

5. The Battle of Stalingrad Summer 1942 – January 1943
Soviets counterattack and surround German army
Hitler orders them to stand and fight
Soviets suffer 1,100,000 dead
Germans suffer an irreversible defeat

6. The North African Front November 1942-May 1943
During Stalingrad, Stalin demands the Allies open a “second front” in Europe
This will relieve pressure on Soviets by diverting German troops to France
FDR and Churchill don’t feel ready
Launch Operation Torch instead under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower

7. The North African Front November 1942-May 1943
107,000 Allied troops land at Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers
Defeat General Erwin Rommel, the Desert Fox, and his Afrika Corps
Review map on page 572

8. Casablanca Conference
FDR and Churchill meet to discuss the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers
Meaning that enemy nations would have to agree to whatever terms of peace the Allies dictated
Next, they discussed where to invade next
FDR wanted France
Churchill wanted Italy

9. The Italian Campaign Spring 1944
N. Africa is launching point to invade Sicily, Summer of 1943
Embarrassed the Italian government and King strip Mussolini of his power and arrest him
Rescued by German special forces
Killed trying to escape to Austria in April 1945
40 miles south of Rome the Germans take a stand
“Bloody Anzio” lasts 4 months and costs 25,000 Allied and 30,000 Germans killed or wounded

10. D-Day June 6, 1944 Eisenhower named Supreme Allied Commander
Operation Overlord begins
3 million American, British, and Canadian troops gather
Secrecy and deception
Phantom army placed in Dover under Patton’s command
Fake port of Calais invasion

11. D-Day June 6, 1944 Largest air-land-sea operation in history
5,000 ships
150,000 soldiers
50,000 vehicles
11,000 planes
13,000 bombs
23,000 airborne (parachute & glider) troops
50 miles of Normandy, France
Map on page 575

12. D-Day June 6, 1944 Fortress Europe & the Atlantic Wall
24,000 miles of defensive positions
Field Marshal Erwin Rommel
Estimated 4-9,000 causalities
Allied causalities
6,000 wounded
4,000+ dead

13. D-Day June 6, 1944
After 7 days
80 miles of beachhead
1 million troops
567,000 tons of supplies
170,000 vehicles
August 25, Patton and the 3rd Army liberates Paris

14. D-Day June 6, 1944
By September 1944, France, Belgium and Luxembourg are free
FDR is elected to an unprecedented 4th term

15. The Battle of the Bulge
October 1944, Americans capture the German town of Aachen
Hitler orders the capture of Antwerp
December 16, 8 German divisions break through an 80 mile front (see transparency)
200,000 Germans and 600 tanks
Americans 80,000 men, 400 tanks

16. The Battle of the Bulge 60 mile bulge in Allied line
120 Americans captured near Malmedy by SS troopers and executed in open field
101st Airborne hold Bastogne
Clouds and fog clear and US air forces turn the tide
Germans lose men and material that they can no longer replace

17. Liberation of the Death Camps
July 1944, Soviets pushing through Poland find Majdanek
1,000 starving prisoners
World’s largest crematorium
800,000 shoes
“A gigantic murder plant”

18. Germany Surrenders The Red Army enters Berlin
Deserters are shot on the spot
April 29, Hitler marries Eva Braun
Take their lives
April 12, 1945, FDR dies from a stroke
May 8, 1945 is V-E Day – Victory in Europe Day
Harry S. Truman is sworn in as president