1. Derek D. Houston 1,2, Dennis K. Shiozawa 1, and Brett R. Riddle 2 1 Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 2 School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Phylogenetic Relationships, Molecular Dating, And Phylogeography Of The Western North American Genus Richardsonius

2. Western North America Geological changes - Miocene (23.0 – 5.3 Ma) - Pliocene (5.3 – 2.6 Ma)

3. Climatic Changes - Pleistocene (2.6 – 0.01 Ma) - Holocene (0.01 – 0.0 Ma) Western North America

4. Geological and climatic changes to the landscape have influenced genetic diversity across a wide variety of taxa Given their reduced vagility compared to terrestrial organisms, freshwater taxa may maintain a more intact genetic signature of these processes

5. Richardsonius R. egregius R. balteatus - R. b. balteatus - R. b. hydrophlox Redrawn after Lee et al.,1980

6. C. elongatus C. funduloides Clinostomus Illustration by E. Edmondson & H. Chrisp (NYSDC) www.fishbase.org Redrawn after Lee et al.,1980

7. Monotypic genus I. phlegethontis National Audobon Society Redrawn after Lee et al.,1980; Mock & Miller, 2005 Iotichthys

8. Coburn & Cavender, 1992 Estabrook et al., 2007 Simons et al., 2003 Smith et al., 2002 Simons & Mayden, 1999

9. R. egregius R. balteatus I. phlegethontis C. elongatus C. funduloides

10. Objectives Address phylogenetic relationships of these genera – Clinostomus vs. Iotichthys as sister to Richardsonius? Assess monophyly of Richardsonius with respect to Iotichthys. Reciprocal monophyly of R. balteatus and R. egregius? Establish a time frame for evolution of this group.

11. R. balteatus M. caurinus P. macrolepidotus C. funduloides C. elongatus I. phlegethontis 1.00 R. egregius 87 / 98 100 / 100 100 / 99 98 / 100 100 / 93 / 0.99 0.05

12. 300 km

13. 0.01 C. elongatus I. phlegethontis R. egregius R. balteatus M. caurinus C. funduloides W E Co Ci B 99 / 100 1.00 83 / 99 1.00 99 / 100 1.00 99 / 99 1.00 100 / 100 1.00 100 / 100 1.00 98 / 83 1.00 84 / 97 1.00 100 / 100 1.00 73 / 98 1.00 92 / 86 / 1.00 95 / 97 / 1.00 79 / 97 / 1.00 mtDNA - cytochrome b - control region

14. 300 km

15. nuDNA - S7 first intron

16. Time (My) 10 8 6 4 2 0 Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene C. elongatus R. balteatus (B) C. funduloides I. phlegethontis R. egregius (E) R. balteatus (Ci) R. balteatus (Co) M. caurinus R. egregius (W) C1C1 C2C2 C2C2 Earliest known Mylocheilus fossil (7.0 Ma) Earliest known Richardsonius fossil (3.5 Ma) C1C1

17. Time (My) 10 8 6 4 2 0 Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene C. elongatus R. balteatus (B) C. funduloides I. phlegethontis R. egregius (E) R. balteatus (Ci) R. balteatus (Co) M. caurinus R. egregius (W) 4.9 5.7 mtDNA nuDNA C1C1 C2C2

18. Snake River Hum River boldt Columbia River Sacramento River Klamath River Colorado River Saskatchewan River Missouri River ? Miocene – Pliocene - Missouri River connection Fish Smith, 1981; Smith et al., 2000 Spring Snails Hershler & Gustafson, 2001 Hershler et al., 2008

19. Time (My) 10 8 6 4 2 0 Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene C. elongatus R. balteatus (B) C. funduloides I. phlegethontis R. egregius (E) R. balteatus (Ci) R. balteatus (Co) M. caurinus R. egregius (W) mtDNA nuDNA 3.7 3.5 C1C1 C2C2

20. Pliocene connections between Bonneville and Lahontan Basins Fish Miller, 1958; Minckley et al., 1986 Mollusks Taylor, 1985

21. Time (My) 10 8 6 4 2 0 Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene C. elongatus R. balteatus (B) C. funduloides I. phlegethontis R. egregius (E) R. balteatus (Ci) R. balteatus (Co) M. caurinus R. egregius (W) mtDNA nuDNA 2.1 2.8 C1C1 C2C2

22. Snake River capture 3.2 – 2.5 Ma Link et al., 2002 Beranek et al., 2006 Event may have put both species of Richardsonius on unique evolutionary trajectories. Snake River Hum River boldt Columbia River Sacramento River Klamath River Colorado River Saskatchewan River Missouri River Hells Canyon

23. Time (My) 10 8 6 4 2 0 Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene C. elongatus R. balteatus (B) C. funduloides I. phlegethontis R. egregius (E) R. balteatus (Ci) R. balteatus (Co) M. caurinus R. egregius (W) mtDNA nuDNA 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.6 C1C1 C2C2

24. Acknowledgements Advisory Committee Dr. John Klicka Dr. Javier Rodríguez Dr. Stephen Rowland UNLV Systematics Group Stacy Mantooth Markus Mika Brian Smith Garth Spellman Jeff DaCosta Rob Bryson Sean Neiswenter Lois Alexander Tereza Jezkova Mallory Eckstut Others Funding National Science Foundation Graduate and Professional Student Association (UNLV) Provided Samples Gavin Hanke – RBCM Mike McGee – BLM Jerry Vogt – ODFW Paul Sheerer – ODFW Jay Potter – ODFW Dan Jenkins - ODFW Nathan Brindza – IDFG Kim Tisdale - NDOW Matt McKell – UDWR