1. Hydrosapiens GIV eSAT of Vermont: Water Group 2013 Ben DeJong, Nina Brundage, Caitlin Beaudet, Julie Rickner, Mariah Ollive, Hannah VanGuilder, Heather McCabe,Carly Brown, Ian Browning, Jack Cinque, Alexander Cotnoir

2. Clear Water Revival: A case study in the Greater Burlington Area

3. Research Field Days June 24: Field Day at Centennial Brook (Urban) Research Question: Can we determine the relative health of urban and rural streams using a combined physical, biological, and chemical approach? June 25: Field Day at the Mill Brook (Rural)

4. Locations:

5. Centennial Brook Drainage Basin: 0.34 mi 2

6. Mill Brook Drainage Basin for sampled location at Mill Brook: 4.95 mi 2 Entire Mill Brook Watershed: 16.3 mi 2

7. Location Comparison

8. Methods: Chemical Physical Biological

9. Physical

10. Stream Characteristics Light Meter Strength Exposure

11. Habitat Assessment Epifaunal substrate and available cover Embeddedness and size of cobbles Velocity to depth comparison Sediment deposition Area of channel flow Human Alteration Frequency of riffles Bank Stability Bank Vegetative Protection Riparian Vegetative Zone Width

12. Velocity (m/s) Stream Geometry Discharge (m 3 /s) Depth (m) Width (m)

13. Biological

14. Sampling Methods Direct Water Samples Dump and Rinse Net Repeat 3 times Macro Invertebrate Sampling

15. Macro Invertebrate Identification Count and Identify Macro Invertebrate in water sample Identifying characteristics Determine the group and sub- group of each organism Tally records

16. Chemical

17. Properties Dissolved Oxygen Meter: Oxygen Levels HACH Meter: Nitrate and Phosphate Levels Pollution pH: Acidity

18. Data

19. Physical Results

20. Visual Observations Mill Brook Sunny and humid Dirt road visible from stream Located in rural mountain area Noisier, wider width Evidence of wildlife Terrace formations Evidence of creeping Fence separating nearby shooting range Centennial Brook Sunny and humid Paved roads by entrance of woods Located in populated valley area Riparian zones, meandering river Evidence of recent rain Vegetated banks Evidence of wildlife

21. Habitat Assessment Data

22. River Cross Sections and Discharge Mill Brook Cross Section Downstream

23. Sunlight Comparison

24. Biological Results

25. Multimetric Index Metric Organisms

26. SEM

28. Chemical Results

29. Chemical Properties Nitrogen and Phosphorous Levels

30. Concluding Results Chemical Physical Higher phosphorous and nitrogen levels in Centennial Higher oxygen percent in Mill Brook Optimal Marginal Sub Optimal Biological

31. Conclusion The Hydrosapiens have determined we can use physical, chemical and biological approaches to determine the health of urban and rural streams.