1. Classical Period 1750-1820 Order Symmetry Balance

2. Abstract Music  Symphony  Concerto  Chamber Music (String Quartet)  Sonata

3. Viennese School Composers  Mozart  Haydn  Beethoven  Schubert

4. Patronage system  Composers were dependent on employers (kings, princes, queens)

5. Later....  With the Revolutions... Social/Political changes began...

6. Review of Beethoven (1770-1827)  Deaf  Sketchbook  Supreme architect  Classical TRANSITIONAL to Romantic Traits  Strong dynamic contrasts  Sudden accents  Developments bigger  Coda (tail) expanded  SUBSTITUTED SCHERZO for MINUET  Longer 4 th movements

7. His Music  Symphonies (how many)  Fifth symphony – most famous First movement built on a ___-note motive Form of first movement? Third movement was what?

8. The Eighteenth-Century Concerto Comes from the word “consort” (partnership) Contains 3 movements Fast Slow Fast Classical concerto commonly featured solo instrument with orchestra Most popular instruments Violin Piano

9. Concerto – Other Features Cadenza Improvisatory “show-off” time for the soloist Comes near the end of the movement Orchestra falls silent Double Exposition Orchestra – Introduces themes Soloist – Restates themes

10. Mozart and the Concerto Played a crucial role in the development of the piano concerto Written primarily for his own use Piano Concerto in G Major, K. 453 1784 3 movements I. Allegro II. Andante III. Allegretto: Theme and variations

11. Beethoven and the Concerto Wrote 5 piano concertos Violin Concerto in D Major (1806) (p. 288) I. Allegro ma non troppo (Concerto form; 7-part Rondo Form ABACABA II. Larghetto (Variation form) III. Allegro (Rondo form)

12. The Classical Sonata... An instrumental work written for one or two instruments, consisting of 3 or 4 contrasting movements. The movements followed the basic same multi-movement structure as the symphony, string quartet and concerto. Written for either for a solo instrument (piano) or for a duo (violin and piano—equal partners with an equal say) Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven wrote music influenced by the Turkish Janissary or military band. (Mozart’s Rondo alla Turca) Beethoven’s Pathetique

13. Mozart’s Piano Sonata in A major, K. 331 1783 3 movements, but acts like a four-movement work without the first movement Third Movement Rondo form Influence of the Turkish Janissary band (p. 294)

14. Beethoven’s Pathetique, Op. 13 One of the most famous Pathos 1798 Three movements I. Grave, Allegro di molto e con brio  Sonata-allegro form II. Adagio cantabile (ABACA) III. Rondo (ABACABA)

15. Sacred Choral Music Mass (church music) Requiem Mass (church music) Oratorio – Large-scale dramatic work, of a religious nature, performed by solo voices, chorus and orchestra; no costumes, acting or scenery

16. Haydn’s The Creation From Genesis and Milton’s Paradise Lost Recitatives, solos and ensemble numbers are assigned to three archangels – Gabriel, Uriel, and Raphael, and to Adam and Eve (Description on p. 303)