1. Music 1750-1825

2.  Industrial Revolution ◦ New means of production led to increases in material goods & wealth ◦ Urban society became central to life in Europe & the Americas  Philosophy of Enlightenment ◦ Emphasis on Natural Rights of people  Republican Government ◦ Individual rights & roles ◦ Social contract between people & government

3.  Social Role of Music ◦ More production of goods ◦ Available to a broader class of society ◦ “innocent luxury” ◦ European Composers reacted to increase in demand for music  Nature in the Arts ◦ “unnatural” and “artificial” ideas of the baroque were replaced with “natural” ideals of simplicity & balance ◦ Subjects in art & literature usually were “real” instead of fantasical characters or ideas ◦ In music, simplicity, balance, and real emotions were critical

4.  Simpler textures: ◦ Homophonic- usually only melody & accompaniment  Simpler melodies: ◦ Even phrases, symmetric “question & answer” structure ◦ Many composers were inspired by folk melodies  Piano ◦ Most important solo instrument  Simple forms: ◦ 2 & 3 part forms  Sonata Allegro Form

5.  Franz Joseph Haydn ( 1732-1809)  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)  Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770- 1827)