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M.socrative.com – Room 38178 QUESTIONS: 1. When is the Romantic period? 2. Why did artists resist patronage? 3. What is another name for the “starving artist”? (hint: starts with a B)
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Introduction
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Music provided a medium to express emotion Romantic music made stylistic changes to classical music Though Romanticism was mostly a rebellion against neoclassicism, in music it involved a more gradual and natural extension of classical principles
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The sharps and flats make the notes chromatic – they pull those notes out of the current key (or center) and create more complex harmonies [this is just a chromatic melody, the accompaniment would include accidentals (sharps and flats) as well] If you see lots of flats and sharps – it’s probably Romantic music!!
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More and more dissonance occurs and eventually becomes the principal focus Dissonance created emotion Dissonance is a sound of “incompletion” or being “unfinished.” It wants to go somewhere, but leaves you hanging Created by playing nontraditional chords – notes right next to each other, or outside the scale Interest in timbre (tone color) lead to great diversity in vocal and instrumental performance Tremendous increase in the size and diversity of the orchestra
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Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) In about 1820, Beethoven began to write passionate compositions which often broke from the classical forms he usually worked in
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Symphony No. 9 (1824) is noted for his use of vocal soloists and a chorus into the final movement The classical symphony could not express all he felt The trombone and several other percussive instruments are added as well After No. 9, many composers felt the need to experiment Symphony No. 9 - Finale Symphony No. 9
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Beethoven was the first “bohemian composer.” He did not work for a church or aristocrat, he survived on his own (money from performances and lessons – enough to get by) Not having a “boss” allowed him to express his extreme individualism He could write as he pleased and challenge the public to follow him Mozart, for example, was always writing for someone else
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Composers did not fall in Beethoven’s footsteps right away They experimented first – smaller ensembles before orchestras Starts with solo voice and piano works There will be LOTS of AMAZING Romantic symphonies, but we’ll talk about them later
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Lieder Piano Works Program Music Symphonies Opera
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Lieder means “art song”, composition for solo voice with piano Began the emotional experimentation in music – chromatics and complex harmonies A poetic text allowed for a variety of lyrical and dramatic expressions and linked music directly to literature
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It was a burst of German lyric poetry that encouraged the growth of the Lieder Music added deeper emotional implications to the poetry Some Lieder were complex, others were simple, some structured, some not Regardless, the piano was an inseparable part of the experience – it explored mood and established rhythmic and thematic materials before they were sung Occasionally, it had solo passages of its own
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The earliest and most important composer of Lieder: Schubert (1797-1828) Austrian His troubled life epitomized the Romantic view of the artist’s desperate and isolated condition He wrote over 1,000 works – symphonies, sonatas, operas, Masses, choral compositions, and Lieder None were performed until the year of his death We’ll look at his symphonies later
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“Scubertiads” – a group of Schubert’s friends who would gather for evenings of music Numbers of his songs were only privately viewed by his friends until after his death Died of syphilis at the age of 31
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Der Elkonig (The Erlking, 1815) is an excellent example of Schubert’s work and Romantic music in general The Erlking The Erlking What is the song about? Listen to it FIRST and then we’ll sum it up
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The piano plays a role in transmitting the mood of the piece – the rapid octaves create tension The melody in the bass line creates additional tension in its dark minor key The variety of music allows the soloist to sound like several characters – the father, the song, and the Erlking
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You’ve probably heard this one... Much happier and prettier than the Erlking Ave Maria Ave Maria
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Lieder success came with developments and changes in the design of the piano It was much warmer and richer in tone than earlier pianos Improvements in pedal techniques made sustained tones possible and gave the instrument greater lyrical potential
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Una corda (or soft pedal – changes the timbre of the piano) Sostenuto (can sustain selected notes while others go unaffected) Sustain pedal
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The changes of the piano made it an almost ideal solo instrument It was popular in the Classical Period, but became even more popular in the Romantic Period New works were composed solely for the piano, ranging from short, intimate pieces to larger works to show off the player Pieces were much more difficult to play Schubert wrote several, but the most celebrated pianist of the 19 th century and one of its more innovative composers was Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
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1811-1886, Hungarian He enthralled audiences with his expressive, dramatic playing He taught most of the major pianists of the next generation His piano works include etudes, concertos, and 20 Hungarian Rhapsodies based on Hungarian urban popular music (rather than folk music)
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The technical demands of Liszt’s compositions, and the rather florid way he performed them, gave rise to a theatricality The primary focus was to impress audiences with flashy presentation Fit into the idea of the “artist as a hero” Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 - Tom & Jerry Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 - Tom & Jerry
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Chopin (1810-1849), Polish Wrote exclusively for piano Several etudes, usually set to a single motif, and explored a single technical problem Etude: study, a piece not to perform, but to teach you something His etudes explored the possibilities of the instrument and eventually became short tone poems
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Wrote intimate works such as preludes, nocturnes, and dances (waltzes, polonaises, etc.) He also wrote larger works such as scherzos, ballades, and fantasies. All of his pieces are highly individual His melodies are lyrical and his moods vary
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Chopin’s Nocturnes are his most celebrated works Nocturnes: “night pieces” Nocturne in E flat Major Op. 9, No. 2 Nocturne in E flat Major Op. 9, No. 2 The main theme alternates with others, almost rondo form (ABABAC)
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The melody is very graceful and lyrical over supporting chords The melody uses notes close together (near by on an instrument) and just a few widely spaced Each time the main theme is repeated, its more elaborate and ornamented The work ends in a cadenza, which builds through a crescendo (gradually gets louder) and finishes pianissimo (very softly) Cadenza: a chance for the performer to show off what they can do. They can play it at any tempo they desire.
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Again, you’ll need to do music recognition Should be EASIER than the classical period because pieces are more individual I will ALWAYS play the obvious melody, I will not always start at the beginning It will always be the SAME excerpt All of these links are posted on the website: http://mrsbsteacherpage.weebly.com http://mrsbsteacherpage.weebly.com
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Liszt – Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 Fast part towards the end Chopin – Nocturne Opus 9, No. 2 Beginning
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Chopin Nocturne Op.9 No.2 (Beginning) Chopin Nocturne Op.9 No.2 Franz Liszt Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 (7:07) Franz Liszt Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2
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