1. AIS Training Presentation Rev 1.0 ComNav Training Centre www.comnav.com Seminar Presentation

2. - 2 - Background What is AIS?  AIS - Automatic Identification System is one of the most important and useful introduction of navigation technology since the radar  AIS is a shipboard broadcast transponder system in which ships continually transmit their ID, position, course, speed and other data to all other nearby ships and shore side authorities on a VHF radio channel. By "clicking" on a ship symbol, users can learn the ship name, course and speed, classification, call sign, registration number, and other information;  AIS is designed to operate in one of the following modes:  In a ship-to-ship mode;  As a means for coastal states to obtain information about a ship and its cargo;  As a traffic management tool when integrated with a Vessel Traffic System (VTS).  Data exchange is automatic and transparent to the user  Enables a ship operator to obtain vital information on the surrounding area through various environmental conditions and other obstacles.

3. - 3 - Background AIS Conceptual Operation View

4. - 4 - Background History  Concept is derived from the work of the Swedish inventor Håkan Lans;  Based on spontaneous, master-less communication, allowing multiple transmitters to send data over a single narrowband radio channel;  Transmission done by synchronizing data transmissions to a very precise timing slot.  The idea behind the AIS is to enable a ship operator to “see” the surrounding area, more clearly and thus improve the vessel’s safety by reducing the amount of collisions in the water;  Data can be logged to a Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) for playback and future analysis  The need for AIS and its requirements and definitions were established by the United Nations (UN) with the utilization of the IMO (International Maritime Organization), ITU (international Telecommunication Union) and the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). - 4 -

5. - 5 - Background Common Acronyms  AIS – Automatic Identification System  VTS – Vessel Traffic System  UN – United Nations  IMO – International Maritime Organization  ITU – international Telecommunication Union  IEC – International Electro-technical Commission  VHF– Very High Frequency  VDR – Voyage Data Recorder  WAN– Wide Area Network  TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access  STDMA– Self-Organizing Time Division Multiple Access  GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite System - 5 -

6. - 6 - Applications Collision Avoidance  Used only to determine risk of collision rather than as an automated collision avoidance system in accordance with the International Regulation for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) - 6 - Problem – CollisionSolution – Collision Warning

7. - 7 - Applications Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)  Provides additional information on the type of vessels and their movement among other useful vessel specific data for enhances traffic awareness and management Problem – Any Vessel Nearby?Solution – Situational Awareness

8. - 8 - Applications Aids to Navigation  Ability to broadcast positions and names of objects, such as lighthouse, buoys and marker positions Problem – Platform LocationSolution – Mapped Platform

9. - 9 - Applications Search and Rescue  Status information of vessels in the vicinity of a vessel or person in distress Problem – Ship in DistressSolution – Routing Rescue Crew

10. - 10 - Applications Accident investigation  Providing accurate time, identity, position, compass heading, speed, rate of turn, etc. of the vessels involved in an accident for analysis. Problem – What Happened?Solution – Control Centre Analysis

11. - 11 - Applications Binary Messaging  Other than navigational information such as water levels, canal lock orders, etc.  For example, the Panama Canal uses AIS type 8 messages to provide information about rain along the canal and wind in the locks Solution – Tide Awareness MessageProblem – Low Tide Level

12. - 12 - Market Requirements Vessels operating along the Rhine (Europe) to install an AIS device by 2012 (along with other rivers along European countries such as Belgium, Turkey, Russia) EU fisheries requires all commercial fishing vessels in the EU to fit an AIS device by 2014 Asian countries developing mandates covering sea and river travel. For example, Japan is considering covering about 110,000 vessels. Projections predict that over 1,000,000 vessels will require AIS by the year 2014; of which only about 15% are already equipped with AIS As AIS applications and benefits are being recognized world wide, AIS placement potential increases significantly for both shipborne and in land installations.

13. - 13 - Mandates and Trends IMO established mandatory carriage requirements for approved AIS equipment under the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention. The AIS carriage requirements apply to (but not only):  All ships of >300 gross tonnage engaged on international voyages  Cargo ships >500 gross tonnage and upwards not engaged on international voyages  All passenger ships irrespective of size Check our website, www.comnav.com, US coast guard website, www.navcen.uscg.gov, or other government agencies and regulatory bodies for further details and information on other mandates.www.comnav.com www.navcen.uscg.gov

14. - 14 - Standards and Regulations 3 main international standards organizations regulate AIS Standards :  IMO – International Maritime Organization  IEC – International Electromechanical Commission  ITU – International Telecommunication Union - 14 -

15. - 15 - ComNav Product Range ComNav Marine offers both Class A and Class B AIS systems : - 15 - Mariner X2 Class B AIS TransceiverVoyager X3 Class A AIS Transceiver

16. - 16 - AIS Typical Setup - 16 -

17. - 17 - Key Features of AIS See and be seen - Class B transponder continuously receives information from all Class A and Class B equipped vessels in its vicinity, and displays this information on a standard chart plotter or PC. At the same time Class B will transmit your position to all AIS equipped vessels automatically. Safety at night and in poor weather conditions Class B AIS is a vital navigation tool in poor visibility conditions. The information received from other AIS ‘targets’ provides the user with vital navigation information and position transmission to alert other vessels to the user’s location. Combined with radar, AIS provides the best possible awareness of the situation in all conditions - 17 -

18. Key Features of AIS Safety in high traffic / commercial shipping areas Position transmission to authorities / nearby vessels in case of emergency Best possible updates of a dynamic environment (moving vessels) Graphically view own vessel position in relation to other vessels when connected to suitable display Ability to ‘see around the corner’ Track vessels of interest such as friends / colleagues

19. - 19 - AIS Basic Functionality - 19 -

20. - 20 - Types of AIS Class A  Ship borne mobile equipment intended for vessels meeting the requirements of IMO AIS carriage requirement.  Inland Waterways AIS  Based on the specification of Class A shipborne AIS equipment in accordance with current revision of ITU-R Recommendation M.1371 and IEC standard IEC 61993-2 : 2001 Class B  Ship borne mobile equipment provides facilities not necessarily in full accord with IMO AIS carriage requirements. (2W standard,12W optional) - 20 -

21. - 21 - AIS Class A and Class B differences Class B varies from Class A with features listed below :  Has a reporting rate less than a Class A (e.g. every 30 seconds when under 14 knots, as opposed to every 10 seconds for Class A)  Does not transmit the vessel's IMO number  Does not transmit ETA or destination  Does not transmit navigational status  Is only required to receive, not transmit, text safety messages  Is only required to receive, not transmit, binary messages  Does not transmit rate of turn information  Does not transmit maximum present static draught

22. - 22 - AIS Class A and Class B differences

23. - 23 - AIS Detailed Description AIS utilizes a unique self-organizing time-division multiple access (STDMA) data communications scheme :  Uses the precise timing data in the GPS signals Range typically expected at sea is nominally 20 nautical miles System coverage range depends on the height of the antenna AIS exchanges messages with all ships within VHF radio range Synchronize multiple data transmissions from many users on a single narrowband channel

24. - 24 - Detailed Description  The area in which AIS messages can be received is called the ship’s “cell”  STDMA protocol - each minute of time is divided into 2,250 timeslots  2 channels essentially allow 4500 time slots  Two dedicated frequencies for AIS. They are 161.975 MHz (marine band channel 87B) and 162.025 MHz (channel 88B)

25. - 25 - AIS Messages Information provided by the AIS falls into several categories:  Static Data  Dynamic Data  Voyage Related Data  Safety Related Messages The update rates for dynamic information depend on the ship’s status and speed, according to the following schedule:  At anchor - 3 minutes  0-14 knots - 10 seconds  0-14 knots and changing course - 3 1/3 seconds  14-23 knots - 6 seconds  14-23 knots and changing course - 2 seconds  23+ knots - 2 seconds  23+ knots and changing course - 2 seconds

26. - 26 - Copyrights and Disclaimers Copyright Notice  No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without prior written permission of ComNav Marine. Disclaimer  Information contained in this document was completed with information viewed on various sites and multiple publications, including Governmental bodies. ComNav Marine Ltd. has made every effort to credit the sources in the references page at the end of this document. If any reference was accidently omitted, please contact ComNav Marine Ltd. so we can rectify the situation. Limitation of Liability  ComNav Marine Ltd. strives to provide the most up to date and accurate information. As products and regulations continuously evolve, information contained in this document may become obsolete or irrelevant. ComNav Marine Ltd. reserves the right to modify any and all information contained in this document at any time and without notice.  In no event will ComNav be liable for any loss of production, loss of profits, or for any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or contingent damages, even if ComNav has been advised of the possibility of such damages. Without limiting the foregoing, ComNav shall not be liable for any damages of any kind resulting from use, quality, or accuracy of the information contained in this document.

27. - 27 - Thank You for Your Time & We Appreciate Your Business Check our website for further information. If you have any questions, please contact us at: ComNav Training Centre ComNav Marine Ltd. #15 – 13511 Crestwood Place, Richmond, BC, V6V 2G1, Canada Tel: (1) 604-207-1600 Fax: (1) 604-207-8008 www.comnav.com sales@comnav.com