2. Section 1: Drugs Section 2: Drugs as Medicines Section 3: Drugs and the Brain

3. What are drugs? A drug is any substance that causes a change in a person’s physical or psychological state. Some drugs are medicines A drug that is used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort is called a Medicine

4. Analgesic Antihistamine Antacid Antibiotic Bronchodilator Steroid anti- inflammatory Hormone Stimulant Anti-anxiety Vaccine Sedative

5. Prescription – a written order from a doctor for a specific medicine. Over-the-counter (OTC) – medicines that can be bought without a prescription.

6. Implanted Pumps Surgically implanted specialized pumps inject drugs directly into a specific part of the body Inhalation The drug enters the body through blood vessels in the lungs when it is inhaled Injection The drug is injected by using a hypodermic needle. Transdermal Patches The drug is packaged into patches that are placed on the skin Ingestion The drug is swallowed and absorbed though blood vessels in the intestines. Topical Application The drug is applied directly to certain areas of the body and absorbed into the skin

7. Name the delivery method of the following drugs and medicines --- Asthma Inhaler Tetanus Shot Nicotine Patch Cup of Coffee Sunburn Lotion

8. The purpose of this section is to learn the following: Drug approval process Possible problems with medicines How to read a drug label How to use medicines wisely and safely

9. In 1906, a governmental agency called the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was created to control the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. Testing a Drug --- Initial tests take place in a laboratory and include chemical tests or tests on cell cultures (cells grown in labs). Then, Drugs are tested on animals. If safe, then drugs are tested on human volunteers. If pass, then tested on patients with illness drug is meant to treat. If clinical trials show drug is safe and effective, then drug company can apply for approval by the FDA.

10. Even with FDA approval, some medicines can be bought only with a prescription. Such medications often treat serious health conditions or are very powerful medicines. Prescription medicines should only be taken under the recommendation of a doctor.

11. Why do I need to take this medicine? When should I take the medicine? For how long? Are there any side effects? What should I do if I experience a side effect? Should I avoid any other medications, dietary supplements, foods, drinks, or activities while I take the medicine? What do I do if I miss a dose? Can I take a generic form of the medication and if so, what is the name?

12. The dose (how much of the medicine you should take) When you should take the medicine How often you should take the medicine The length of time you should take the medicine. When filled at a pharmacy, the pharmacist should make sure you have all the information you need; many will also include a drug information sheet.

13. The only person who should take a prescription medicine is the person whose name is listed on the label. Many prescription drugs are misused and abused. This misuse and abuse can involve taking medicine when it is not needed, take too much, or mixing with other medicines.

14. Most grocery stores and drug stores have at least one aisle of OTC medicines. You can but them with prescription See pg. 224. Beliefs vs. reality

15. Complete Drugs as Medicines Worksheets --- examining OTC medicine Labels (pg. 9 and 12) Due tomorrow.

16. Allergic Reactions Side Effects Drug Interactions Occur when a drug reacts with another drug, food, or dietary supplement to increase of decrease the effect of one of the substances.

17. Taking correct amounts of the correct medicine is very important. There are several important things you can do to make your medicines as safe and as effective as possible. Make yourself a part of your own healthcare team Be prepared to ask questions Learn the facts about any medicine you are going to take Listen to your body It’s not always safe to suddenly stop taking a drug Speak up and enlist your parents’ help

18. The Path to Addiction --- The dangers of drug use Tolerance Dependence Physical Psychological Addiction Withdrawl Addiction is a Treatable Disease

19. Chapter 9 Review Key Term Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Do not do Critical Thinking questions.

20. Groups of two. See handout.