1. Organ Systems of the Body
Chapter 4

2. Organ
A structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues that can perform a complex function

3. System
A group of organs that perform more complex functions than an organ can by itself.

4. Organ Systems of the Body
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
Male
Female

5. Integumentary System
Skin- largest and most important organ of this system
Accessory Structures
Hair
Nails
Sweat Glands
Oil-producing Glands
Sense organs- respond to stimuli
Skin accounts for 16% of an adult’s body weight.
Primary function is protection- bacteria, exposures, etc.
Helps to regulate body temperature.

6. Skeletal System Bones Cartilage and Ligaments
206 bones in the human body.
Functions: support and protection, movement, storage of minerals and formation of blood

7. Muscular System Muscles Voluntary Involuntary or Smooth Cardiac
Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
Contractions of voluntary and smooth muscles
Cardiac is specialized

8. Nervous System Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Communication between body functions
Integration of body functions
Control of body functions
Recognition of sensory stimuli
Functions of the NS are accomplished by nerve impulses.
Sense organs react to stimuli and generate impulses to relay info to brain

9. Endocrine System
Pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes
Composed of specialized glands and cells that secrete hormones.
General functions: communication, integration, and control
Think of the Endocrine System like a dial-up internet.

10. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System
Includes the heart and blood vessels
Primary function is transportation, however, it assists in maintaining body temperature
Certain blood cells are specialized and assist in the defense of the body or immunity
Closed system of blood vessels- arteries, veins, and capillaries

11. Lymphatic System
Composed of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic organs such as tonsils, thymus, and spleen
Lymph- whitish, watery fluid that contains lymphocytes, proteins, and some fatty molecules
Function:
Movement of fluids and certain large molecules
Immune system
Thymus functions both as an endocrine and lymphatic gland
Not a closed system as lymph will eventually enter into the circulatory system

12. Respiratory System Movement of air Gas exchange
Alveoli- tiny, thin-walled sacs in lungs
Warms and humidifies
Filters
Gas exchange
Includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

13. Digestive System Proper digestions and absorption of nutrients
Primary Organs
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anal canal
Forms a continuous tube called the gastrointestinal tract (GI)
Accessory Organs
Teeth, salivary glands, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix
Accessory organs provide the mechanical or chemical breakdown of food
Mention appendix

14. Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra Kidneys Urine
Clean the blood of waste products
Maintain balance of electrolytes, water and acid-base (pH)
Urine
Waste product produced by the kidneys

15. Reproductive Systems Male Gonads Testes: produce sperm Genital Ducts
Vas deferens
Accessory Organs
prostate
Genitalia
Penis
Scrotum

16. Reproductive Systems Female Gonads Accessory Organs Genitalia
Ovaries: produces eggs (ova)
Accessory Organs
Uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina
Breast and/or mammary glands
Genitalia
Vulva