1. WELCOME RURAL AND SPECIALIZED TRANSIT CONFERENCE MARCH 14-15, 2007 SYRACUSE, NY

2. SAFETY CONCEPTS APPLIED TO ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SPEAKER: JOHN FABIAN, CHIEF INVESTIGATOR NYSDOT/PTSB

3. PTSB INVESTIGATIONS SYSTEM SAFETY TRAINING

4. PASSENGER CARRIER SAFETY BUREAU INCLUDES THE BUS SAFETY SECTION RESPONSIBLE FOR BUS INSPECTIONS INSPECTS COACHES, TRANSIT, VANS, CARS CONDUCTS 140,000 INSPECTIONS A YEAR SETS THE BAR AT 80% PASS RATE

5. PTSB – SYSTEM SAFETY PLANS REQUIRED OF EVERY SYSTEM (STOA) APPROVED FOR 2 YEAR TERM RECERTIFIED AND AUDITED BY STAFF S/M/L GUIDELINES ON INTERNET WWW.DOT.STATE.NY.US

6. PTSB – SYSTEM SAFETY PLANS SENATOR LEVY BUS SAFETY AWARD COMPETITION – Performance Measures Operations Performance Bus Collisions; injuries, fatalities Customer Accidents; injuries Service Performance Daily % pullout performance MDBF Fires Completed daily trips

7. PTSB - TRAINING BAITFISH- ALL SYSTEMS MUST BE CERTIFIED IN THREE CLASSES Class 1: ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION Class 2: DETERMINATION OF PREVENTABILITY Class 3: HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION

8. PTSB - TRAINING BAITFISH - CERTIFICATION IS GOOD FOR FOUR YEARS RE-CERTIFICATION STARTS THIS YEAR LATE SUMMER/EARLY FALL TEST FOR BASIC KNOWLEDGE ADVANCING TECHNIQUES

9. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS 2005 ANNUAL REPORT ACCIDENT TRENDS REPRESENTS 130 SYSTEMS- (NYC) FIRES : ELECTRICAL, PMI’S, HUMANS PEDESTRIAN FATALITIES: LEFT SIDE RETRAINING NATIONAL ISSUE HUMANS

10. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS

14. RESPONSIBLE HUMAN BEHAVIOR UTOPIA (not a country in Africa) DOES IT EXIST AT YOUR WORKPLACE? CAN IT BE MANAGED AND EVALUATED?

15. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS MANAGEMENT OF BEHAVIOR LEADERSHIP STANDARDS TRAINING SUPPORT

16. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS MANAGEMENT OF BEHAVIOR INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYEE  CARELESS  ATTITUDE  HASTE  FATIGUE  CHEMICAL IMBALANCE  ILLNESS  SKILL AND ABILITY

17. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS DOES THE END…. JUSTIFY THE MEANS?

18. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR TOOLS TRAINING VS. ENFORCEMENT  ON BOARD CAMERAS- VERIFIES INCORRECT BEHAVIOR  SIMULATORS- TEACHES CORRECT BEHAVIOR

19. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS SIMULATORS TEACHES CORRECT BEHAVIOR  The process is to learn the concepts of perception and then immediately apply those concepts in a controlled environment.  This process sets the stage for committing knowledge learned to memory and is the beginning of “habit formation”.

20. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS HABIT FORMATION vs. NATURAL REACTION habit formation - learning a specific behavior requiring practice or rehearsal of the response. How much repetition or how many trials are necessary for learning to occur differs by event. It probably differs between cognitive problem solving and simple physiological or muscular reactions. natural reaction – action without thought

21. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS HABIT FORMATION vs. NATURAL REACTION Probies  Training, training, training  Evaluate  Enforce Employees  Evaluate  Retrain  Enforce

22. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS HABIT FORMATION vs. NATURAL REACTION Motor Coach Accident – NY I87, August ’06  Bus traveling 78mph, rounding right curve, lane 2  Front tire blowout  Bus operator immediately applied heavy braking  Bus veered to left, over guiderails, into median  Bus rolls, striking rock outcroppings, 5 fatals  NYSP ruled out driver error stating heavy braking was “natural reaction”.

23. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS HABIT FORMATION vs. NATURAL REACTION QUESTION 1: Motor Coach, on a charter with 53 passengers Traveling at 65 mph, two lane highway, the shoulder is nine feet wide Deer enters the lane directly in front of the bus and stops, two seconds to impact Which way do you swerve? What else?

24. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS HABIT FORMATION vs. NATURAL REACTION QUESTION 2: Motor Coach, on a charter with 53 passengers Traveling at 65 mph, two lane highway, the shoulder is nine feet wide A child on a bike enters the lane directly in front of the bus and stops, two seconds to impact Which way do you swerve? What else?

25. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS IN CLOSING, WE NEED TO HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING: If you are responsible for any of the categories we discussed, please be sure to use the “multiple causation theory” to analyze what happened during an incident. If you are a manager of a system, please be aware that YOU are ultimately responsible for the safety of your employees and actions surrounding accidents they are involved in.

26. PTSB- INVESTIGATIONS DEAL OR NO DEAL