1. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Acquisition and Control Benjamin L. Welch Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport News, VA Stan Majewski, Vladimir Popov, Mark Smith, Tim Tran, Andrew G. Weisenberger, Randy Wojcik Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport News, VA Justin Baba, Shaun S. Gleason, John S. Goddard, Mike J. Paulus Oak Ridge National Accelerator Facility Oak Ridge, Tennessee

2. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYMotivation To Produce a SPECT/IR Animal Imaging System for Restraint-Free Small Animal Imaging Issues Gamma Cameras with event rates from 100 Hz to 1 kHz (1 – 10 msec) Gamma Cameras with event rates from 100 Hz to 1 kHz (1 – 10 msec) IR Imaging System –Pose Measurement System with acquisition rates from 1 to 10 Hz (100 – 1000 msec) IR Imaging System –Pose Measurement System with acquisition rates from 1 to 10 Hz (100 – 1000 msec) Gantry System with imaging times of 0.01 to 0.001 Hz (10 – 100 x10 3 msec) Gantry System with imaging times of 0.01 to 0.001 Hz (10 – 100 x10 3 msec)

3. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Solution System Clock - 24-bit counter incrementing every 10 msec Read by Gantry System to determine acquisition time Read by IR Imaging System to determine imaging time Read by Gamma Camera to determine gamma event time Millisecond Clock – Timing event produced every 1 msec Produces Event in Gamma Camera Imbedded in Gamma Event data Allows marking events to 1 millisecond Combined with System clock when data is stored

4. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY System Communications Master 24- Bit Clock Gamma- Ray Cameras PCI - ADC Boards Gamma Camera PC Gantry Motors Gantry Motor Control Gantry PC IR Tracking Cameras Position Tracking System Position Tracking PC N e t w or k N e t w or k 1-Msec Clock

5. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Gamma Camera Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube (PSPMT) Array Each PMT has 6x6 crossed wire outputs - 192 X by 192 Y outputs. Columns (8) and rows (4) combined - 24 X by 48 Y outputs. Subtractive tapped resistive readout - 5 X by 9 Y outputs

6. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 32-bit word 12-bit Channel 2 Data Sign Extension Timing Marker 12-bit Channel 1 Data Datel PCI416 32–bit Word Structure Each 32-bit Word Contains 2 - 12-bit Samples Sign Extension Timing Marker

7. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011 Channels 1 & 2 Channels 3 & 4 Channels 5 & 6 Channels 7 & 8 Channels 9 & 10 Channels 11 & 12 Channels 13 & 14 Channels 15 & 16 Event 1 010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011 1 & 2 3 & 4 5 & 6 7 & 8 9 & 10 11 & 12 13 & 14 15 & 16 Event 2 DMA Event Structure 16 Channels/Event Are Read Out in Series From Each Board 32-bit word 010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011 Event 3 010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011 Event 4

8. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 1 x 32–bit Word becomes 2 x 32-bit Words With Sign Extension and Checking for Corruption 32-bit word (Pos) 12-bit Channel 1 Data (Neg) 12-bit Channel 2 Data Timing Mark Corruption Channel 1 Channel 2

9. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 8 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 8 x 32-bit words Event 2 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 8 x 32-bit words Event 3 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 8 x 32-bit words Event 4 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 8 x 32-bit words Event 5 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 8 x 32-bit words Event 6 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 …….. 8 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 8 x 32-bit words Event 2 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 8 x 32-bit words Event 3 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 8 x 32-bit words Event 4 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 8 x 32-bit words Event 5 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 8 x 32-bit words Event 6 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010…….. 16 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 2 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 2 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 3 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 3 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 …….. Driver Event Structure With Two DAQ Boards Events From Each Board Are Joined in the Driver

10. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Center of Gravity (COG) Event Structure Calculated Values Are Added to the Event Buffer as well as Timing Information Event 1 Timing 16 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 22 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Detector 1 010101010101010101001001010100 22 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Detector 2 010101010101010101001001010100 2 x 32- bit words 010101 010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101 Raw Energy X,Y Corrected Energy X, Y 16 Pixel Energy Values Event 1 – Detector 2 3 words 16 words 3 words 24-bit System Time 1 - Msec Time 1 word Event 1 Timing 101001011010101010110011

11. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY …….. 16 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 2 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 2 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 3 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 3 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 Expansion of the Event Structure During the Center Of Gravity Calculation the Event Buffer is Extended 16 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 22 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Detector 1 010101010101010101001001010100 22 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Detector 2 010101010101010101001001010100 2 x 32- bit words Event 1 Timing 010101 …….. 16 x 32-bit words Event 2 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 2 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 22 x 32-bit words Event 2 – Detector 1 010101010101010101001001010100 22 x 32-bit words Event 2 – Detector 2 010101010101010101001001010100 2 x 32- bit words Event 2 Timing 010101……..

12. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Data Merger Gam-File Timing events are identified and used to flag gamma events with combined time (10 msec system time and 1 msec event time) Timing events are identified and used to flag gamma events with combined time (10 msec system time and 1 msec event time) Gamma events are stripped of raw data, calibration data, and timing data leaving X, Y, energy, and combined time (20X) Gamma events are stripped of raw data, calibration data, and timing data leaving X, Y, energy, and combined time (20X) Energy window applied to eliminate low energy events and “other” detector data (2X + 2X) Energy window applied to eliminate low energy events and “other” detector data (2X + 2X) Time window applied to eliminate detector data during gantry motion (2X) Time window applied to eliminate detector data during gantry motion (2X) Output file for each detector: Pinhole Detector and Parallel Hole Detector Output file for each detector: Pinhole Detector and Parallel Hole Detector

13. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Data Merger Gam-File Event 1 Timing 16 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 1 0101010101010101010010010 16 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Board 2 0101010101010101010010010 22 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Detector 1 010101010101010101001001010100 22 x 32-bit words Event 1 – Detector 2 010101010101010101001001010100 2 x 32- bit words 010101 Event 1 01001010101 Corrected Energy X, Y 3 words Combined Time 1 word 101001011010 78 words total

14. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Data Reconstruction Gamma events from each projection can be used to create an image for a (static) SPECT reconstruction Gamma events from each projection can be used to create an image for a (static) SPECT reconstruction Gamma events from a planar image can be combined with position data for (planar) motion correction Gamma events from a planar image can be combined with position data for (planar) motion correction Gamma events can be combined with position data to produce projections for a (limited) motion corrected SPECT reconstruction Gamma events can be combined with position data to produce projections for a (limited) motion corrected SPECT reconstruction Gamma events can be combined with position data for a list mode iterative image reconstruction with motion correctionGamma events can be combined with position data for a list mode iterative image reconstruction with motion correction O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

15. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYConclusions The data acquisition system records two timescales for correlating gamma-ray data, IR position data, and gantry location  System clock provides 10 msec timing for animal positioning and gantry location  Millisecond clock provides 1 msec timing imbedded within gamma ray events SPECT System data structure allows flexibility without restructuring  Additional data acquisition channels (DAQ boards)  Additional detector channels  Additional crystal elements (pixels) O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY