1. CSCI 1200 Julie Benoit jbenoit@cs.dal.ca Introduction to Computing

2. Bit Strings Represent numbers. alphanumeric : ASCII / Unicode. instructions. other stuff : sound or image data for example.

3. Volume / Size / Capacity Kilobyte (K) – thousand bytes Megabyte (MB)– million bytes Gigabyte (GB) – billion bytes. Terabyte (TB) – trillion bytes. Petabye (PB) – quadrillion bytes. Note : MB vs Mb

4. Volume / Size / Capacity 1 K : text on back of DVD case. 1 MB : 1.5 sec of DVD quality video. 1 GB : a little less than 30 minutes of DVD quality video. 1 TB : about 230 DVD movies. 1 PB : about 238,600 DVD movies.

5. CPU Central Processing Unit. converts input to output. carries out instructions. mathematical & logical operations. communicates with other devices.

6. CPU motherboard : – circuit board. –location of the CPU. Compatibility : –instruction sets Performance / Speed : –clock speed, GHz.

7. CPU Parts ALU – arithmetic logic unit. Bus – data travels in parallel. Cache & Registers – high speed, local memory.

8. Computer Speed Instruction set Word Size Access Speeds Specialized hardware Parallel processing Clustering multiple machines Memory

9. main memory / RAM. CPU reads main memory. addressed cells (Random Access). info held using electrical current: –need for ROM, CMOS, Flash & secondary memory.

10. Memory ROM : read only memory, non-volatile. CMOS : low energy, battery powered RAM, date & time. Flash : fast, only needs power to change, portable devices. Secondary memory : long term storage.

11. Memory main memory / RAM. CPU reads main memory. addressed cells (Random Access). info held using electrical current: –need for ROM, CMOS, Flash & secondary memory.

12. Storage magnetic tapes magnetic disks (floppy disks) hard disks optical disks (CD, DVD, Blu Ray) solid state devices (memory sticks & cards, USB flash drives)

13. Input Devices Keyboards : Qwerty / Dvorak / Alphabetic ergonomic compact membrane one handed folding

14. Input Devices `~ 1! 2@ 3# 4% 5^ 6^ 7& 8* 9( 0) [\{ ]} \\| '", p y f g c r l /? += a o e u i d h t n s -_ ;: q j k x b m w v z

15. Input Devices Pointing Device : selecting from options / menus. spatial tasks / graphics applications. efficiency

16. Input Devices : Pointing Mouse : mechanical, light Touch Pad : finger pressure Track Ball : upside down mouse Pointing Stick : TrackPoint, Isopoint Joystick : and other gaming devices Tablet & Stylus Touch Screen

17. Input Devices : Reading Optical Mark Readers Bar Code Readers Magnetic Ink Character Readers RFID Tags & Readers

18. Input Devices : Reading Optical Character Recognition Handwriting recognition Smart Whiteboard

19. Input Devices : Digitizing Scanner Digital Camera Video Digitizer Digital Video Camera

20. Output : Monitor most familiar (VDT) diagonally in inches pixels, dpi, resolution colour depth : number of colours that can be displayed at one time video adaptor / video card VRAM

21. Output : Monitor Liquid Crystal Display Cathode Ray Tube

22. Output : Printers impact & non-impact dot matrix printers & line printers laser & ink jet resolution plotter multi-function devices.

23. Colours light & pigment are different Pigment : cyan, magenta, yellow & black Light : red, green, blue

24. Sound Output sound card – accept a microphone, play sound through speakers & headphones. all Macs & some PCs have on board sound. synthesized speech, music, & sounds.

25. Fax Machines / Fax Modems phone lines dots to create the image

26. Combined Devices some devices do both I/O. peripherals interface with the world.

27. Ports, Slots, Buses & Bays port : connect a device. Slot : place to insert a special piece of hardware. Bus : group of wires connecting bays, ports and slots to the CPU. Bay : open space in the box for a storage device.

28. Standard Ports serial port : one bit at a time, modem parallel Port : groups of bits, printer keyboard / mouse ports USB ports faster, generic, multiple devices, various standards

29. Special Ports on expansion cards video port for the monitor microphone, speaker, MIDI for attaching sound equipment network card adds a port to connect to the LAN