1. Why Cite? Give credit where it’s due Show you have researched and looked at what specialists have to say in a particular subject Reader, teacher or examiner may wish to check sources Sources cited should reflect the work done as a whole and are an important element of the whole essay/project process

2. Reference list, or Works cited At the end of your essay you should have a page titled “reference list” (use this rather than bibliography) Begin the list on a new page. Entries in a works-cited list are arranged in alphabetical order (whatever the format)

3. Referencing styles There are several styles. The most common are: MLA (Modern Language Association) APA (American Psychological Association) Chicago/Turabian Harvard (author-date)

4. Which one should I use? There is no prescribed style for presenting your list of resources consulted, but what is imperative is CONSISTENCY within your work. So choose one format and stick to it!

5. In The Harvard (author-date) system, Your references link with your in-text citations, so the reader can confirm the full publication details of the work cited in your text and be able to locate it.

6. Example: In-text citation In a recently published survey (Hill, Smith and Reid, 2010, p.93) the authors argue that… Reference list Hill, P., Smith, R. and Reid, L. (2010) Education in the 21st century. London: Educational Research Press

7. What sort of citation do you need? Is it for…. Non Periodical print such as a book Periodical print Web publication Other (interview, e-mail, television broadcast, film, speech etc.)

8. How to reference a book: Anstice, M. (2004). First contact: a 21 st century discovery of cannibals. (1 st edition) London: Eye Books. Structure: Surname, Initial of author(s) or editor(s). (Year published). Title. (Edition if shown) City where published: Publisher.

9. How to reference a journal article: Halvaksz, J.(2006). Cannibalistic Imaginaries: Mining the Natural and Social Body in Papua New Guinea.The Contemporary Pacific, Volume 18, Number 2. p 335-359. If found online add: Available at Project MUSE:http://muse.jhu.edu [Accessed 21 May 2012] Structure: Surname, Initial of author(s) or editor(s). (Year published). Full title of the article. Title of the journal. Volume and issue where given. Pages

10. An internet source http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/ca nnibals.htmlhttp://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/ca nnibals.html

11. How to reference an internet source Raffaele, P.(2006) Sleeping with Cannibals: our intrepid reporter gets up close and personal with New Guinea natives who say they still eat their fellow tribesmen. Smithsonian magazine. Available at: http:www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/cannibals.html [Accessed 27 June 2012] Structure: The author(s) of the website (organisation or person). (Year published). Full title of the webpage or site. Full internet address (URL) of the webpage or site. [Date on which you accessed the webpage or site].

12. An online map or photograph UNEP, (2011), Lake Victoria basin [Online]. Available at: http://gridnairobi.unep.org/chm/waterbasins/Lak e_Victoria_Basin-11-03-08.jpg [Accessed 27 June 12]. Structure: Author, Year, Title of work [type of medium] Available at: include web site address/URL) [Accessed date].

13. Film/DVD/Video Cannibals and Crampons (First Contact) (2004) Directed by M. Anstice and B. Parry. [DVD] : [England] Ginger Productions. Structure: Title of film. (Year) Directed by. [DVD] Place of distribution: distribution company

14. Where can I find help? in your library: http://libraries.ecolint.ch/chasec Website Catalogue Online databases Librarians

15. Should I use referencing software? The majority work for MLA or APA referencing, but there is one for Harvard Harvard Generator: http://www.harvardgenerator.com/ http://www.harvardgenerator.com Bib me: http://www.bibme.org/http://www.bibme.org/

16. Such a reference list will lose you points…