1. Constructive Process Essential Questions
What are surface features?
What are examples of constructive process?
How can a surface feature be changed by a constructive process?
What are surfaces features caused by constructive processes?

2. Constructive Process Deposition –
a process of dropping sediment, dirt, rocks, or particles in on place.

3. Constructive Process Examples of Deposition
Force
Surface Feature Created
Deposition
water / river
Deltas
Floodplains
water / ocean
Beaches and Barrier Islands
wind
Sand dunes
Ice / glacier
Moraines

4. Other Constructive Processes
Force
Surface Feature
Folding
plate movements
mountains
Faulting
Mountains
Earthquake
cliffs (fault scarp)
Volcanic Activity
mountains / islands

5. Constructive Process Lesson Review
Deposition is a process that
Dissolves sediment
Breaks down rock to form sediment
Removes sediment from landforms
Drops sediment to form landforms

6. Lesson Review Where do deltas form? In desert areas At river mouths
On the banks of rivers
In valleys formed by glaciers

7. Lesson Review Long shore currents in the ocean help create Beaches
Dunes
Rivers
Drumlins

8. Lesson Review Volcanoes can create new land when they release Lava
Water
Faults
mud

9. Lesson Review
What forms moraines?
Wind
Rivers
Glaciers
Volcanoes

10. Constructive Process Essential Questions
What are surface features?
Surface features are landforms and bodies of water that cover the Earth’s surface such as:
Mountains, valleys, canyons, gorges, beaches, sand dunes, barrier Islands, flood-plains, moraines, and drumlins, volcanoes, oceans, lakes, and rivers

11. Constructive Process Essential Questions
What are examples of constructive process?
Deposition
Volcanic Activity
Earthquake Activity
Faulting
Folding

12. Constructive Process Essential Questions
How can a surface feature be changed by a constructive process?
By forces such as wind, water, ice, through the process of deposition.
The movement of the Earth’s crust
Plate Tectonics (movements)

13. Constructive Process Essential Questions
What are surface features formed from constructive processes?
Delta
Floodplains
Barrier island
Sand dune
Moraine
Drumlin
Islands
Mountain Ranges
Cliffs – Fault Scarps

14. Destructive Process Essential Questions
What are examples of destructive processes?
How are surface features changed by destructive processes?
What are examples of surface features caused by destructive processes?

15. Destructive Processes
Weathering – The breaking down of rock
Mechanical / Physical
Freezing and thawing of Rock
Water freezing and expanding in cracks of rock
Impact of organisms
Plant roots growing
Animals burrowing
Chemical
Oxidation / rusting
Carbonic Acid / acid rain
Caverns
Acid from Lichen

16. Destructive Process
Erosion – Movement of rock from one place to another
Water / Rivers
Canyons
Gorges
V shaped Valleys
Water / Ocean Waves
Sea arches
Sea stacks
Wind
Buttes
Desert pavements
Ice / Glaciers
U shape Valleys
Gravity
Mast Wasting

17. Destructive Process Volcanic Activity Earthquakes
Movement of Earths Crust (Plate tectonics)
Reshaping of Mountains
Earthquakes
Trenches
cracks in the Earth Curst

18. Lesson Review What is weathering? A type of climate
The transport of sediment
The breakdown of rock
The aging of rock

19. Lesson Review Which of theses is caused by chemical weathering?
desert pavement
formation of U-shaped valleys
formation of rust
ice expanding in cracks in rock at is weathering?

20. Lesson Review How do earthquakes change the land?
They transport sediment.
They form cracks in the surface.
They release ash and lava.
They cause chemical weathering.

21. Lesson Review A river can form Sea arches. U-shaped valleys.
V-shaped valleys.
Desert pavement.

22. Destructive Process Essential Questions
What are examples of destructive processes?
Weathering
Mechanical / Physical
Chemical
Erosion
Volcanic Activity
Earthquake Acuity

23. Destructive Process Essential Questions
How are surface features changed by destructive processes?
Freezing and thawing of the earth’s crust
Freezing water in cracks of rock
Oxidation / rusting
Carbonic acid / acid rain
Impact of organisms
Water / rivers and oceans
Ice / glaciers
Wind
Gravity
Movement of earth’s plates / plate tectonics

24. Destructive Process Essential Questions
What are examples of surface features caused by destructive processes?
Caverns / Carbonic Acid
V-shaped valleys / River water
Canyon / gorges / River water
Sea arches / Ocean Waves
Sea stacks / Ocean Waves
Buttes / Wind
Desert pavements / Wind
Reshaped mountains / Volcanoes
Trenches / Earthquakes

25. Controlling Constructive and Destructive Processes EQ
How can constructive and destructive processes be controlled through the use of technology?
How does technology affect constructive and destructive processes?
What are examples of technology used to control constructive and destructive processes?

26. Effects on Constructive Processes
Dam – a structure built across a river to control its flow
Positive Effect
Flood Control
Hydroelectric Power
Negative Effect
Holds back sediment
Prevents deposition of flood plains, deltas, and beaches

27. Effects on Destructive Processes
Prevention of beach erosion
Groin – a structure built perpendicular to the beach.
Positive Effect
Traps sand that moves along the shore and causing the beach to build up.
Negative Effect
Beach Erosion down stream is worse.
Seawall – a structure built parallel to the shore
Protects land behind if from ocean the ocean waves
Ocean side beach will erode
Beach Nourishment – sand from ocean or nearby rivers are pumped onto the beach

28. Effects on Destructive Processes
Prevention of beach erosion (cont)
Seawall – a structure built parallel to the shore
Positive Effect
Protects land behind if from ocean the ocean waves
Negative Effect
Ocean side beach will erode
Beach Nourishment – sand from ocean or nearby rivers are pumped onto the beach

29. Effects on Destructive Processes
Prevention of soil erosion
Contour Plowing – method in which farmers plow across the sided of hill instead of down
Terracing – the planting of corps on terraces (steps) built into steep hillsides.
Windbreaks – rows of plants or fences.
Slow down wind and limit the distance it can carry soil.
Vegetation – used to hold soil in place
Storm drain management – a system of drains
Prevents flooding and soil erosion

30. Effects of Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Volcanoes and Earthquakes can not be controlled;
However scientist have ways to determine when and where these they might occur.
Volcanoes –
instruments are used to detect changes in volcanoes
Earthquakes –
Detailed maps show major faults
Safety Education
No new buildings on or near faults
Building codes to resists earthquakes
Seismographs – measures earthquakes on a rector scale

31. Lesson Review What is the purpose of a groin? to strengthen dams
to stop beach erosion
to create new sediment on shorelines
to break down headlands

32. Lesson Review Beaches that have eroded are reclaimed through
weathering.
building of seawalls.
beach nourishment.
building of terraces.

33. Lesson Review Which of these is not a way to prevent soil erosion?
planting vegetation
contour plowing
building windbreaks
building dams

34. Lesson Review
Scientist know where earthquakes will occur because they know the locations of
faults
volcanoes
mountains
long-shore currents.

35. Lesson Review
Which of these do scientists use to predict when a volcano is likely to erupt?
the age of the volcano
earthquakes beneath the volcano
temperature of nearby rivers
the hardness of rock near the volcano

36. Controlling Constructive and Destructive Processes EQ
How can constructive and destructive processes be controlled through the use of technology?
Flooding
Dams
Beach Erosion
Groins
Seawalls
Beach nourishment
Soil Erosion
Contour plowing
Terracing
Wind breaks
Planting of vegetation
Storm drain management systems

37. Controlling Constructive and Destructive Processes EQ
How does technology effect constructive and destructive processes?
Dams –
Positive Effect
Flood Control
Hydroelectric Power
Negative Effect
Prevents deposition of flood plains, deltas, and beaches
Groins –
Traps sand that moves along the shore causing the beach to build up.
Beach Erosion down stream is worse.
Seawalls –
Protects land behind from ocean waves
Ocean side beach will erode

38. Controlling Constructive and Destructive Processes EQ
What are examples of technology used to control constructive and destructive processes?
Dams
Groins
Seawalls
Wind Breaks
Contour plowing technique
Terracing technique
Storm Drainage Systems
Beach Nourishment

39. Unit Review
What landform forms from deposition at the mouths of rivers?
a delta
a floodplain
a sand dune
a moraine

40. Unit Review Deposition forms these features on coasts. drumlins
floodplains
barrier islands
U-shaped valleys

41. Unit Review What causes V shaped valleys to form?
deposition at river mouths
erosion by rivers
weathering by wind
erosion by glaciers

42. Unit Review A dam across a river can cause the formation of a delta.
the carving of a valley.
the erosion of a beach.
the formation of a sea stack.

43. Unit Review
Which of these helps prevent the harmful effects of erosion?
dams
volcanoes
Long-shore currents
contour plowing

44. Unit Review
In which type of climate are you most likely to find a sand dune tht is not on the coast?
dry
humid
icy
hot

45. Unit Review What is the purpose of a groin?
to prevent chemical erosion of rock
to release trapped sediment from behind dams
to help predict volcanic activity
to stop erosion of beaches

46. Unit Review What does erosion do? breaks down rock physically
moves broken pieces of rock
changes rock chemically
change sediment into rock