1. Structure and Movement of the Earth Structure, Shape, and Internal Systems of the Earth

2. Three Main Layers of the Earth Core-center of the earth –divided into two layers: Iron and Outer Mantle-Layer of the earth that is between the Earths core and crust –about 1800 miles thick –divided into two layers: upper and lower Crust- Thin layer of rock at the earths surface –contains the lithosphere (Plate tectonics)

3. Core, Mantle, Crust Diagram

4. On and Above the Earth Atmosphere: layer of gases surrounding earth Lithosphere: upper part of crust (solid rock) forming continents and ocean floors Hydrosphere: water elements on earth (rivers, oceans, lakes and water in atmosphere) Biosphere: where people/animals and plants live (atmosphere+lithoshere+hydrosphere)

5. Internal Forces Shaping the Earth Continental Drift: The idea that all of the continents were once joined together as one super-continent called Pangaea, which spread apart into 7 continents over 200 million years (p 29) D:\assets\interactives\wgy29.html

6. Pangaea

7. Internal Forces Shaping the Earth Earthquakes –Caused by the collisions and movement of Tectonic Plates(p37) (Moving pieces of the Earths lithosphere) –The line where plates meet is called a Fault Line(p 39) –The Richter Scale(1-10…10 being worst) uses information collected by Seismographs to determine the strength of an earthquake –The point on the surface directly above the source of the quake is called the epicenter. D:\assets\interactives\wgy37.html

8. Fault Lines

9. Tsunami When an earthquake occurs under the ocean, it can create a large wave which is called a tsunami, These waves can be 50-100 ft tall, and can travel at 450 mph

10. Volcanoes Most Volcanoes found along tectonic plate boundaries Ring of Fire- a zone around the rim of the Pacific ocean which is the location of the majority of active volcanoes in the world (map on page 37) D:\assets\interactives\wgy37.html