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Published byDomenic Atkinson Modified over 9 years ago
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ECOLOGY Study of living & nonliving parts of an ecosystem (environment) & how they interact w/one another
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I. 2 parts of Ecology A. Abiotic – nonliving; ex. Sun, water, temp., land, soil, air, humidity B. Biotic – living; plants (producers), animals (consumers – herbivores (plant-eaters), omnivores (both), & carnivores (meat-eaters) and decomposers (bacteria, fungi)
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Find the abiotic & biotic factors
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II. Biome – large area w/ characteristic plants, animals & conditions
A. Tropical Rainforest – warm, lots of rain, plants/vines, insects, animals
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B. Coniferous Forest – cool temps., conifers, (evergreens), deer, elk
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C. Deciduous Forest – seasons, deciduous trees (lose leaves in fall), deer, raccoons; Kentucky
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Deciduous & Rain Forest – 3:35
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Coniferous Forest – 1:20
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D. Grassland – seasons, grasses, prairie dogs, bison
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Grasslands – 1:58
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E. Tundra – cold, permafrost (permanently frozen soil), lichens, mosses, polar bears
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Tundra – 1:06
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F. Desert – DRY, many are hot during day & cold at night, cacti, reptiles, nocturnal animals
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Deserts – 1:51
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G. Aquatic – marine (saltwater) & freshwater
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Marine Biomes – 2:24
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III. Habitat – physical area in which an organism lives (smaller)
Niche – way of life of a species; ex. Habitat, feeding habits, other habits, reproductive behavior What is the wolf’s niche?
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Habitat/Niche – 2:18
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B. Population – many organisms of the same species in an area; ex
B. Population – many organisms of the same species in an area; ex. all people, rabbits, trees, etc.
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C. Community – many populations in an area; ex
C. Community – many populations in an area; ex. all the deer, rabbits, trees, etc.
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Populations & Communities – 2:19
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D. Food chains – shows energy in a habitat; what eats what; ex
D. Food chains – shows energy in a habitat; what eats what; ex. grass grasshopper frog snake hawk
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E. Food Pyramid – takes organisms from a food chain & puts them in a pyramid ex.
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Quaternary cons. Tertiary cons. Secondary cons. Primary consumer Producer
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90% energy lost at each level due to:
Movement Digestion Respiration Excretion Reproduction Growth
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Energy lost 10 90 100 900 1000 9000 10,000 90,000 100,000
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Food Pyramid shows: What eats what
Need more organisms at bottom to support things above it More energy at bottom/less at top Lose energy (90%) at each level
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Energy Pyramids – 1:05
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F. Food Web – many food chains linked together; shows interactions of all organisms in a community
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Food Web
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Food Chains & Food Webs – 1:53
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G. Competition – use or defense of a resource by one individual that reduces the availability of the resource to other individuals; ex. Organisms compete for food, space oxygen shelter, etc. (called limiting factors) These two species are in direct competition for food.
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H. Relationships 1. predator – organism that feeds upon another 2. prey – organism that is eaten
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3. parasitism – one organism benefits while the other is harmed; ex
3. parasitism – one organism benefits while the other is harmed; ex. leeches 4. commensalism – one organism benefits & the other is unaffected; ex. clown fish live in anemones (remember Finding Nemo) because other fish avoid the stinging tentacles 5. Mutualism – both benefit; ex. flowers and bees
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I. Carrying Capacity – the maximum # of organisms an area can hold
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J. Community Changes: succession – series of changes that take place in a community as it ages
1.Land: grasses shrubs trees (climax community)
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2. Water: lakes ponds bogs/ swamps land
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K. Biochemical Cycles 1. Water cycle: evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, condensation
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Water Cycle – 1:02
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2. Oxygen/ Carbon cycle: cell respiration/ photosynthesis
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Oxygen - Carbon Cycle – 1:27
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3. Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen “fixed” to usable form (nitrogen fixation) to form proteins
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Nitrogen Cycle – 1:37
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THE END
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