1. Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) CS-328

2. What is CORBA Specification for a standard O-O architecture for applications 1990 - Object Management Group publishes “Object Management Architecture Guide” 1991 - Common Object Request Broker Architectural Specification

3. CORBA’s Goal Integrate existing mainframe applications with desktop based tools –Access distributed information and resources from within desktop tools –Make existing business data available as network resources –Augment desktop applications with custom functions and capabilities for a particular business –Change and evolve network based systems to reflect new topologies or resources

4. Distributed Computing Two or more pieces of software sharing information –could be on same machine –could be on different machines on same network –could be on different machines on different networks based on client/server concepts Benefits: –sharing of scarce resources –load balancing –run applications on most appriate hardware Existing Mechanisms - RMI, RPC, Corba, network APIs

5. Distributed Object Computing Marriage of Distributed Computing with an Object Model Uses a broker to handle messages requests between clients and servers –broker can choose server that best fits needs of client –allows separation of interface and implementation –allows building block approach to development and evolution

6. Object Model Provides: –Abstraction group objects and focus on their similarities –Encapsulation hide implementation details from the services provided –Inheritance ability to pass along (object-to-object) capabilities and behaviors –Polymorphism ability to substitute objects with matching interfaces at run time

7. Object Management Architecture Application Objects Common Facilities Object Request Broker Object Services

8. What does the ORB do? The ORB provides a communications hub for all objects –analogous to a hardware bus Provides object services –creation, access control and object tracking Common Facilities –db access, printing, synchronization, document management

9. CORBA Object Communications CORBA Objects communicate via their interfaces Interfaces are defined using Interface Definition Language –Language independent Designed to be language agnostic –Directly maps most common data types There are some datatype mapping problems, especially when using different languages for the client and server.

10. CORBA Object Communications Object A Object B Interface IIOP

11. Conceptually... Client Server ORB

12. What happens... Server objects register their methods with the orb naming service Client binds to the orb naming server for a server object method Naming service return location of server object and disconnects Client connects to server at returned location

13. Really though... Client Server ORB Services Registration 1 2 3

14. 3-Tier Client Server Client ServerDB Sockets JavaIDL JavaRMI JDBC Native

15. 3-Tier Advantages Server can manage database connections efficiently Client can focus on presentation Server can preformat data for client and focus on business logic Running server on high performance hardware can improve perceived performance

16. Interface Definition Language In Java we cannot separate a class’s definition from its implementations as we can in C++ –Header files –Implementation files CORBA allows the separation of definition and implementation

17. IDL (more) CORBA uses IDL for defining interfaces between clients and servers ORB Vendors provide specific IDL compilers for supported languages –create target language stubs and skeletonsfor building CORBA clients and servers C, C++, Smalltalk, Java, COBOL …

18. IDL/Java type mapping due to differences in heritage IDL and Java types don’t have a 1 to 1 mapping: longJava int shortJava short floatJava float doubleJava double charJava char booleanJava boolean octetjava byte stringjava.lang.String anySpecial type consisting of any of the above

19. an IDL interface ex. interface Cooler { int getHotWaterLevel(); int getWarnWaterLevel(); int getColdWaterLevel(); exception NoMoreWaterException { }; int getHotWater() throws NoMoreWaterException; int getWarmWater() throws NoMoreWaterException; int getColdWater() throws NoMoreWaterException; }

20. Compiling the IDL Compiling the IDL using the javatoidl compiler will produce six classes: –CoolerRef –CoolerHolder –CoolerOperations –CoolerStub –CoolerServant –CoolerSkeleton

21. The ORB What is it that the ORB does ? –Object location Location transparency –Object communications Marshalls and unmarshalls parameter and results data –Services Object Life Cycle Management Naming Event decoupling Relationship management Externalization Transaction management Concurrency control Property management Trader – locating objects based on properties Object query

22. OEM Orb Info The Borland VisiBroker Orb is built into Netscape Communicator 4.x but can be purchased seperately –CORBA 3.0 Compliant –Language support – C++, Java,.NET (C++ and C#) Orbix & Orbacus (Progress Software (previously Iona Technologies) – CORBA 2.6 Compliant –Language support - C, C++, Java, COBOL, Smalltalk, Ada, PL/1, Lisp, Python and IDLscript. In additionally mappings for Perl, Objective-C, Oberon, Eiffel, Modula3, Scheme, and Tcl. J2SE - org.omg.CORBA ( in the JDK) since JDK 1.3) –Provides the mapping of the OMG CORBA APIs to the JavaTM programming language, including the class ORB class ORB is implemented such that a programmer can use it as a fully- functional Object Request Broker (ORB).