1. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Invited Address Forum to Consider the Implications for Research Libraries and Research Institutions October 15, 2004, Washington, D.C. A Conversation about E-Research and the Supporting Cyberinfrastructure Daniel E. Atkins School of Information & Department of EECS University of Michigan, U.S.A. atkins@umich.edu

2. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu http://www.communitytechnology.org/products.html

3. University of Michigan School of Information www.si.umich.edu

4. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu

5. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu “public library”

6. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu library

7. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Talk Overview Background, Concepts, Definitions Functional Components of Cyberinfrastructure Some implications for research libraries. Prototype CKCs, e.g. the NVO Broader Implications and Hopes Questions and Discussion

8. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu “a new age has dawned in scientific and engineering research, pushed by continuing progress in computing, information, and communication technology, and pulled by the expanding complexity, scope, and scale of today’s challenges. The capacity of this technology has crossed thresholds that now make possible a comprehensive “cyberinfrastructure” on which to build new types of scientific and engineering knowledge environments and organizations and to pursue research in new ways and with increased efficacy.” http://www.cise.nsf.gov/sci/repor ts/toc.cfm NSF Blue Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure

9. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Terms Cyberinfrastructure infrastructure cyber Cyberinfrastructure-enabled knowledge communities (CKCs) learning, research, engagement

10. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Converging Streams of Activity Science-driven pilots (not using above labels) E-science Collaboratories Home Land Security http://web.calit2.net/RiskReduction/index.html Cyberscience IT & Future of Higher Education GRIDS (broadly defined) 2nd Edition www.mkp.com/grid2 ACLS Panel

11. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Cyberinfrastructure Goals More applications, capabilities, efficiency Reuse and multiple-use of designs; capture of commonality Spread of best practice Achieving interoperability Provision of tools and services Shared facilities Assistance and expertise

12. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Networked Information (Knowledge) Society R&D, Deployment of Digital Libraries Institutions: Libraries Archives Museums Application of Distributed Computing Visions & Needs of Individuals, Communities) Digital Information & Communication Technology (electro-optical-magnetic) Global Information Infrastructure Global Cyberinfrastructure Cyberinfrastructure-Enabled Knowledge Communities (CKCs) Other

13. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Some Names for CKCs Co-laboratory, Collaboratory Grid Community e-X Community (as in e-science) Cyber-X Community (as in cyberscience) Community Gateways or Portals Virtual Community, Virtual Organizations, e.g. (Inter) National Virtual Observatory

14. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Big Ideas Global cyberinfrastructure (CI) can become a platform for routine, effective distance-independent activities of knowledge communities. These CI- enabled virtual communities are becoming functionally complete. (Goal is not to eliminate same time and place collaboration, but rather to augment it.) World-scale collaborative teams can be common place. Cyberinfrastructure offers new options for what is done, how it is done, and who participates. The digital library community has made large contributions to creating this vision. We now have the opportunity (and responsibility) to help make it real.

15. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Cyberinfrastructure

16. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu NSF Middleware Initiative http://www.nsf-middleware.org/ “trust fabric”

17. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Core Middleware Identity and Identifiers – namespaces, identifier crosswalks, real world levels of assurance, etc. Authentication – campus technologies and policies, interrealm interoperability via PKI, Kerberos, etc. Directories – enterprise directory services architectures and tools, standard objectclasses, interrealm and registry services Authorization – permissions and access controls, delegation, privacy management, etc. Integration Activities – open management tools, application of virtual, federated and hierarchical trust, enabling common applications with core middleware

18. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Mellon Foundation Higher- Ed Open Source Projects ProjectDescription Pubcooki e Authentication system including “single sign on.” OKIOpen standards for sharing digital objects. PKIInter-institutional public key infrastructure. ePortfolioElectronic portfolio tools for higher ed. uPortalWeb portal development software. AAMTool for managing course assignments & tests. LionShar e Authenticated P2P networks for legit file sharing. SAKAIFeature-rich course management system. OCWFree worldwide access to educational content. VUEVisual understanding environment for digital content. ChandlerPersonal information manager for higher ed. DSpaceDigital repository system federation. Fedora Flexible Extensible Digital Object Repository Architecture. http://rit.mellon.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/PubcookieTwiki

19. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Cyberinfrastructure

20. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Japanese Earth Simulation Center

21. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Top 5 Supercomputers From http://www.top500.org/list/2003/11/

22. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Virginia Tech Terascale Cluster (1,100 Mac G5s) http://computing.vt.edu/research_computing/terascale/

23. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Cyberinfrastructure

24. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu NEESgrid Earthquake Engineering Collaboratory U.Nevada Reno www.neesgrid.org

25. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Reconstructions of Dendritic Spines by High Performance Parallel Electron Tomography This 3MeV Electron Microscope in Osaka Japan is the Biggest in World

26. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Embedded Sensors: R&D and Use Ocean Research Interactive Observatory Networks http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web? Anchor=orion_home_page&rnd=17953 http://www.nsf.gov/bio/neon/start.htm National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) http://www.cens.ucla.edu/index.html

27. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Cyberinfrastructure

28. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Electronic Visualization Lab http://www.evl.uic.edu Tele-Immersive Collaboration in the CAVE Research Network

29. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Cyberinfrastructure

30. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Time-Space Collaboration Physically together... Drop in lab, physical library, museum Audio, chat, video conference, group applications Email, threaded- discussions, shared files... Same Different Time Place distance mattersbeyond being there

31. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Cyberinfrastructure

32. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Increased Demand for Data Curation Services Supercomputer simulations of complex systems require multidisciplinary expertise, computational models and data. Increased power of data mining. Enormous data streams from smart sensor arrays. Data validation and metadata quality enhancement over time.

33. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Information Services for CKCs Online access to complete credentialled, archival literature. Stewardship and curation services for enormous collections of scientific data. Digital repositories for diverse digital objects as instructional material and works in progress. Digitized special collections. More continuous (vs. batch) and open forms of scholarly communication. Individual and community customization information services.

34. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Challenges in Digital Archiving and Long-Term Preservation http://www.si.umich.edu/digarch/http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/index.php Research Issues! Includes “Preserving Our Digital Heritage” report & “Time” report.

35. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Cyberinfrastructure is a First-Class Tool for Science

36. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu We are at an inflection point in the curve of IT impact... CKCs are being developed by science communities not merely to do faster-better-cheaper what they have been doing. CKCs support doing new things, new ways. Long-term, billion dollar projects are being pursued that cannot be done without advanced cyberinfrastructure.

37. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu The Initial Facility at Sondrestrom, Greenland The University of Michigan Upper Atmospheric Research Collaboratory (UARC)

38. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu UARC Interface team chat dynamic work rooms Real-time instruments Archival data Journals computational models annotation Session replay

39. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Evolved into a Network of Instruments (one global instrument)

40. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu UARC Patterns of Communication 1998 Smithsonian Science Award

41. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Vignettes from UARC/SPARC Shared, tele-instruments & expertise. Rapid response, opportunistic campaigns. Multi-eyes, complementary expertise. Isolated instruments became a global instrument chain. Cross-mentoring/training. New & earlier opportunities/exposure for grad students. Enhanced participation. Legitimate peripheral participation. Support for authentic, inquiry-based learning at UG and pre- college level. Distributed workshops for post-campaign data analysis. Session re-play for delayed participation. Data-theory closure. A “living specification” to stretch vision of possibilities.

42. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Potential for CKCs Reduced constraints of time and space; Can use all four combinations of time and place. Enhanced sharing, re-use and multi-use of resources. New computationally based tools for modeling, simulation, visualization. (third mode) New levels of comprehensive access to archival and real-time multimedia data, information, knowledge Facilitation of experiential learning Rapid response to the unexpected. Acceleration of cycles of discovery. Capture of process; not just end results More open forms of publications and artifact sharing. New “and-and” organizational forms.

43. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Crab Nebula in 4 spectral regions:X-ray, optical, infrared, radio http://www.us-vo.org/ Virtual Observatory Prototype Produces Surprise Discovery. Early demo project identifies new brown dwarf. http://www.us-vo.org/news/brown- dwarf.html

44. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu CI-enabled Learning, Engagement And Research (CLEAR) CKC Movement Openess Movement Pasteur’s Quadrant Numerous collaboratories Global SeminarsIncreasing

45. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Creation of knowledge: basic, curiosity- driven research Application of knowledge Focus on New Knowledge Creation? Focus on Application? No Yes Edison Bohr Pasteur Pasteur’s Quadrant Research Model Classic Research Model

46. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Could CKCs be the basis for new types of world research universities (WRU)? Could a WRU be much more inclusive in who participations? Can we find new synergy between global commonality and regional diversity (cultural)? Could a WRU be a strategic force for social good? Is it worth exploring this topic further? How? Something to think about.....

47. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Stakeholder Alliances Required Users: Transformative Application Creators & Providers Sponsors: Funding & Policy Disciplinary and Project Groups, Universities, NGOs, Int. Devel. & BOP Projects NSF, NIH, DoE, JISC, EU, CSIR, Mellon, Hewlett, Kellogg, Moore, IDRC, MS- CA, State Gov., Universities CISE & SBE R&D; PACIs, Res. Libs., CNI, ARL, Educause, UCAID, IT Industry, Acad. IT Orgs. Open Source Comm. Three symmetric, interlocking rings, no two of which are interlinked. Removing one destroys the construct. Borromean Rings

48. D. E. Atkins atkins@umich.edu Questions, Discussion