9. $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500

10. What are the two main types of bacteria?

11. What is Eubacteria and Archeabacteria

12. What is the main difference b/t Eubacteria and Archeabacteria?

13. Eubacteria contains peptidoglycan in its cell wall while archeabacteria does not

14. What are the three ways of classifying bacteria based on their oxygen requirements.

15. What are obligate anaerobe, obligate aerobe and facultative anaerobe?

16. Name at least 3 ways that humans use bacteria in the world.

17. Mine minerals, clean oil spills, in food production, in industry, making of chemicals etc.

18. How do bacteria cause infection?

19. By releasing toxins into the surrounding tissue

20. Name at least 3 ways used to classify bacteria.

21. Their shape, cell wall structure, type of movement, the way they obtain energy, type of respiration?

22. What is the name of this bacterial shape?

23. What is rod shaped bacilllus?

24. What is the name of this bacterial shape?

25. What is coccus?

26. What is the name of this bacterial shape?

27. What is spirillum?

28. Correctly label A – F in the following picture.

29. A= Cell Wall, B= Cell Membrane C= Ribosome, D= pili E=DNA, F- Flagellum

30. How would a doctor treat a bacterial infection?

31. With antibiotics

32. What is the best way to prevent a viral infection?

33. With a vaccine

34. Give an example of when a vaccine would not be helpful for a viral infection.

35. When a patient already has the virus.

36. Name at least 3 ways to kill bacteria

37. Sterilization, using a disinfectant, heating it, pressure cooker, antibiotics..etc.

38. Could antibiotics be used to treat the flu?

39. No! the flu is a viral infection which cannot be treated by antibiotics

40. What are the two main subunits of a virus?

41. A protein coat and a nucleic acid.

42. The outer protein coat of a virus is called a _______________.

43. Capsid

44. What is a bacteriophage?

45. A type of virus that only attacks bacteria.

46. What is the purpose of the viral capsid?

47. To bind the virus to the surface of the host cell

48. Give at least three examples of viral diseases we discussed in class.

49. AIDS, the flu, the common cold, small pox, chicken pox, bird flu, polio etc.

50. What are the two main types of viral infections?

51. Lytic Infection and the Lysogenic Infection

52. What is the end result of the Lytic Cycle for the cell

53. The cell bursts and is destroyed

54. What is a prophage?

55. The portion of viral DNA that is inserted into the cells DNA

56. Do Bacteria enter the Lytic or the Lysogenic Cycle?

57. NO!!!!!

59. What is the difference between the Lytic Cycle and the Lysogenic Cycle?

60. The Lytic Cycle immediately takes over the cells machinery and destroys the host cell. In the Lysogenic cycle the Viral DNA forms a imbeds itself in the cells DNA and forms a prophage. The Lysogenic cycle DOES NOT immediately destroy the cell.

61. What is a pathogen?

62. A bacterial disease causing agent.

63. Where would you most likely find a photoautotroph?

64. Near light, at the surface of lakes streams and oceans

65. Why do we Gram stain?

66. To classify organisms and determine the type of cell wall structure they have.

67. What type of respiration would bacteria have if it could be with oxygen or without oxygen?

68. A facultative anaerobe

69. What type of bacteria helps to fix nitrogen on the roots of soy plants?

70. Rhizobium

72. Describe the Lysogenic Infection from start to finish in as much detail as possible.