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Changes in the Catholic Church

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Presentation on theme: "Changes in the Catholic Church"— Presentation transcript:

1 Changes in the Catholic Church
THE REFORMATION Changes in the Catholic Church

2 R. H. Bainton The Reformation of the 16c
Thus, the papacy emerged as something between an Italian city-state and European power, without forgetting at the same time the claim to be the vice-regent of Christ. The Pope often could not make up his mind whether he was the successor of Peter or of Caesar. Such vacillation had much to do with the rise and success of the Protestant Reformation.

3 The Protestant Reformation
Causes of the Reformation Crisis of 14th and 15th Centuries Corruption Simony, pluralism, absenteeism, indulgences, nepotism, moral decline, and clerical ignorance. Critics of the Church John Wycliffe, John Hus, Kempis, and Erasmus. Renaissance Humanism

4 Causes of the Reformation?
Church corruption Avignon Papacy Conciliarism Marsilius of Padua  Defensor Pacis [Defender of the Peace] Attacked papal authority The Christian community is the sum of ALL its parts! Development of personal devotions  suspicion of clergy Greed of secular leaders  1/3 of Europe  church land Papal need for money  indulgences Printing Press

5 The Spread of the Printing Press

6 The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c

7 Martin Luther Background Thunderstorm and St. Anne Terrified of God
Middle-class family Trained in law Thunderstorm and St. Anne Terrified of God

8 F U N Martin Luther: Faith saves people – NOT good works
His ideas were: F U N Faith saves people – NOT good works Catholic Church= salvation by following the church Q: Who will not like this idea of Luther’s? Why? Ultimate authority for Christians= Bible Q: Who will this anger? Who did Catholics think was the authority? Catholic Church says Pope is Ultimate Authority Nobody is more important in God’s eyes Q: In Catholic hierarchy who was most important? Laity is equal to clergy Q: Will the Church agree?

9 Important Luther Events
1517- Luther nails 95 Theses on his church’s door Luther from Holy Roman Empire Pope excommunicate Luther Church declares Luther a heretic Luther goes into hiding and translates the New Testament into German Luther’s ideas spread to prince in German city-states Luther’s followers form 1st Protestant Christian Group LUTHERAN CHURCH

10 Ninety-five Theses Selling indulgences Printing press enables
Johann Tetzel Printing press enables his works to spread. Nailed or Mailed? "I would never have thought that such a storm would rise from Rome over one simple scrap of paper..." (Martin Luther)

11 The Spread of Lutheranism

12 Challenged Church Authority
Initially a debate between Augustinian and Dominican Monks. Debate with Johann Eck Denied infallibility of Pope Erred when Jan Hus was executed Point of no return Published reforms Salvation through faith Bible is sole authority Two sacraments

13 Confessions of Augsburg
Diet of Worms 1521 Power to outlaw Luther to recant Outlawed by HRE as a heretic Protected by Frederick III Translating the Bible Vernacular (German) Edict of Worms Confessions of Augsburg Attempted compromised

14 Why were Luther and his followers called Protestants?
Because they Protested against the Catholic Church Why is it said that the Protestants started a reformation? Because they wanted the Catholic Church to reform or change

15 Battle over Lutheranism
Peasants War 12 Articles End of Serfdom and tithes Luther was conservative 100,000 died N. Germany League of Schmalkalden Defend against Charles V France allied with them Habsburg-Valois Wars France tries to keep Germany Divided Spread N. German Escape from Catholic Stayed in Germany, Denmark and Sweden Emperor Charles V Tried to maintain unity Preoccupied with Ottomans

16 The Peasant Revolt

17 End of Battle Peace of Augsburg 1555
Ended the struggle over Lutheranism Germans could choose religion Permanent Religious division in Germany Was not unified again until 1871 Charles V

18 Spread of Protestantism
Anabaptists 1535 Characteristics No connection to state No childhood baptism Millenarians Reject Trinity Left winged protestants John of Leyden (Munster) Polygamy (16 wives) Women leaders All books except bible burned Began killing Lutherans and Catholics Tragedy of Munster Armies of Protestant and Catholic forces captured and executed Anabaptists Other Anabaptists Mennonites Quakers Unitarians

19 Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)
The Anabaptists Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)

20 Ulrich Zwingli Student of Humanism Swiss Reformation
Theocracy in Zurich Eucharist on a symbol Colloquy of Marburg Official split with Luther

21 John Calvin French Institutes of Christian Religion Geneva Militant
Basis of Calvinism Predestination Geneva Militant Protestant Work Ethic

22 P O W John Calvin: His ideas hit the church with a:
Predestination- God chooses who goes to heaven You don’t get there by good works Our moral lives reveal if we’re chosen by God Q: What does Calvin say gets people to heaven? Luther says? Catholic Church says? Work ethic that honors God Q: How should Christians work then?

23 Important Calvin Events
Calvin is from Switzerland He broke from Catholic Church & formed Calvinist Church Q: Why would Calvin not be afraid to oppose the Catholic Church? Calvin’s ideas spread to Scotland and then to North America Q: What invention would have helped his ideas spread?

24 Why were Calvin and his followers called Protestants?
Because they Protested against the Catholic Church Why is it said that the Protestants started a reformation? Because they wanted the Catholic Church to reform or change

25 Spread of Calvinism John Knox Huguenots Dutch Reformed Church Puritans
Presbyterianism Huguenots Dutch Reformed Church Puritans

26 Calvin’s World in the 16c

27 Protestant Churches in France (Late 16c)

28 English Reformation Early Reformers Henry VIII John Wycliffe
William Tyndale Henry VIII Conservative Annulment Wives

29 D A King Henry VIII DAD of the Anglican Church
Divorce: Henry wants one but Pope says “NO.” Q: Why was Henry so set on a divorce? Anglican Church- Henry is in charge- No Pope Did away with Catholic Church’s land and wealth in England.

30 English Reformation Events
Henry’s Church-just like Catholic but no Pope. Protestants mad-try to make church not at all Catholic Catholics mad-try to make church not at all like Protestant Elizabeth I – Henry’s daughter combines Catholic and Protestant. Elizabeth I- make Anglican Church the official church of all of Great Britain.

31 Why was Henry called Protestant?
Because he Protested against the Catholic Church Why is it said that the Protestants started a reformation? Because they wanted the Catholic Church to reform or change

32 Church of England Edward VI Break from Catholic Cardinal Wolsey
Thomas Cranmer Act of Supremacy 1534 Pilgrimage of Grace Statute of Six Articles Edward VI 10 Year Old Adopted Calvinism New Doctrines

33 Mary Tudor Elizabeth Cathrine of Aragon Future Heir to Spain Exiles
Bloody Mary Elizabeth Anne Boleyn Illegitimate (Catholics) Development of Protestantism Elizabethan Settlement Thirty-Nine Articles

34 Women in the Reformation
Protestant Woman Luther: House wives Calvin Subjugation More control over marriage Companion/love relationship Reading the bible Lost church service Lost rights to manage Catholic Women Church and religious orders Angela Merici Teresa de Avila

35 Reformation Europe (Late 16c)

36 The Counter Reformation
The Catholic Church Reformed Its S. I. N. S.

37 S. Society of Jesus (Jesuits) proselytized for Catholic Church

38 I. Inquisition: Church court to punish Protestant heretics

39 The inquisition was run by the inquisitor-general, who established local courts of the Inquisition. Accused heretics were identified by the general population and brought before the tribunal. They were given a chance to confess their heresy against the Catholic Church and were also encouraged to indict other heretics If they admitted their wrongs and turned in other aggressors against the church they were either released or sentenced to a prison penalty. If they would not admit their heresy or indict others the accused were publicly introduced in a large ceremony before they were publicly executed.

40 N. No more reckless indulgences.

41 S. Stop spread of Protestants: 30 Years’ War
Hapsburgs (Catholic rulers of the Holy Roman Empire) fight Protestant princes in Northern Germany Q: What Protestant teachings had spread to princes in Northern Germany?

42 Counter Reformation Pope Paul III Council of Trent
Improvement through existing doctrine Council of Trent Equal Validity, Scripture, Tradition, Church Fathers 7 Sacraments Reforms Index of Forbidden Books

43 New Orders Jesuits Ignatious Loyala
Inquisitions Brought S. Germany and E. Europe to Catholicism Ursuline Nuns

44 Results Unity of Western Christianity Enthusiasm Abuses Religious Wars
Baroque Art Glory and Power of Catholic Church Architecture Bernini Painting Carvaggio Reubens Results Unity of Western Christianity Enthusiasm Abuses Religious Wars

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