1. Art Styles
AP European History

3. Italian Renaissance (1300-1500)
Themes: Individualism, worldly experience
Characteristics: classicalism, perspective, mannerism, human figures, and myths
Areas of Influence: Venice & Florence
Artists: Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, Bellini, Brunelleschi
Word Association: “man is the measure,” secular, individual
Michelangelo’s David

4. Boticelli’s The Birth of Venus

5. El Greco’s Toledo Epitomized mannerism style (instability, unrealistic)

6. Northern Renaissance (1300-1500)
Themes: Salvation and religious piety
Characteristics: religious figures, symbolism and realistic figures
Areas of influence: Flanders and Northern Europe
Artists: Durer, Bosch, Van Eyck, Brueghel, Grunewald, Holbein
Word association: religious, Christian Humanism
Van Eyck’s Portrait of Arnolfini

7. Campin’s Christ and the Virgin

8. Baroque ( )
Themes: “Return” to the Catholic Church and the power of monarchs
Characteristics: mystery, dramatization, bold, exaggerated motion
Areas of Influence: Spain, Rome, Middle-class Dutch
Artists: Caravaggio, Bernini, Bruegel, Bosch, Velasquez
Word Association: “sexy,” Catholic Reformation, Council of Trent, monarch

9. Velázquez's Las Meninas

10. Enlightenment (1700-1800) Rococo
Themes: Extravagance & wealth
Characteristics: appeal to royals and nobles, light pastels, and ornate
Areas of Influence: France & Austria
Artists: Boucher, Fragonard & Watteau
Word Association: Frivolous, ornate, self-indulgent, soft & pastel colors
Fragonard’s The Swing (1766)

11. Boucher’s Madame de Pompadour (1750)

12. Enlightenment (1700-1800): Neo-classical
Themes: Return to classical antiquity
Characteristics: Formal, imperial style & imitation of Greek & Roman art, removal of Christian focus
Areas of Influence: Mainly France
Artists: David & Ingres
Word Association: Napoleon, Greece/Rome & imperial (empire, emperor)
Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jacques-Louis David, 1800

13. Death of Marat by Jacques-Louis David, 1793

14. Gros's Napoleon Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa, 1804
Romanticism: 1780s-1848
Themes: Emotion, passion, and revolution
Characteristics: passionate, dark color and return to nature
Areas of influence: France, England and Spain
Artists: Goya, Constable, Delacroix, Turner & Gericault
Word Association: Emotional, loss of youth, mysterious, passion
Gros's Napoleon Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa, 1804

15. Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People, 1830

16. Realism, mid-19th c.
Themes: Rejection of Romanticism; depiction of everyday life
Characteristics: subjects were common people and landscapes
Areas of Influence: the Dutch
Artists: Courbet, Millet, Daumier
Word Association: reality, everyday, revolution
Millet’s The Gleaners (1857)

17. Impressionism, 19th century
Themes: fleeting and brief word of a first impression based on light and sudden movement
Characteristics: short, choppy, light brushstrokes and en plein aire (outdoors)
Areas of Influence: France
Artists: Monet, Renoir, Cezanne
Word Association: vibrant, little detail, light

18. Post-Impressionism, 19th c.
Themes: Rejected limitations of impressionism
Characteristics: studied depth, more detailed than impressionism
Areas of Influence: France
Artists: Cezanne, Seurat, van Gogh
Word Association: depth, structure, pointillism (paining with small distinct dots of pure color to form an image)

19. Expressionism, early 20th c.
Themes: Indebted to Freud; analyzing psyche
Characteristics: dissonance in color and perspective, messages of anxiety
Areas of Influence: Germany, Spain, France, Russia, Norway & Holland
Artists: van Gogh, Kirchner
Word Association: anxiety, Freud, dark

20. Fauvism, Early 20th c. Themes: Color was the main subject
Characteristics: color takes importance over lines or subjects
Areas of Influence: France, Netherlands
Artists: Matisse, some van Gogh
Word Association: COLOR

21. Cubism, 1910’s Themes: Synthesized view of subject, relativity
Characteristics: fragmented subject, cubes
Areas of Influence: France
Artists: Picasso, Leger
Word Association: Angular, fragmentation, squares

22. Futurism, early 20th c.
Themes: Speed and power of the machine, restlessness of modern life
Characteristics: Subjects of modern life, speed
Areas of Influence: mainly Italy & Germany
Artists: Boccioni
Word Association: speed, machine, industrial, urban

23. Dadaism, 1915-1922 Themes: focus on the absurd, reaction to WWI
Characteristics: techniques of accident and chance creating art
Areas of Influence: Switzerland, NYC, Paris, and large German cities
Artists: Duchamp, Arp & Ray
Word Association: ready-made, absurd, illogical

24. Surrealism, late 19th-20th c.
Themes: expression of the imagination of dreams, lack of reason
Characteristics: incorporated ideas of Freud & Marx
Areas of Influence: Norway, Holland, Spain, Germany, Spain, France & Russia
Artists: Dali, Delvaux
Word Association: Dreams, subconscious, illogical, out of hysteria

25. Abstract Expressionism, 20th c.
Themes: nonrepresentational, shape, line, color
Characteristics: planes, shapes & color
Areas: US, many immigrants from Europe, shift from Paris
Artists: Pollock, Kline
Word Association: Abstract, subjective interpretation

26. Pop Art, mid to late 20th c.
Themes: bitterness out of WWI, pop culture
Characteristics: Random objects, use of dry humor
Areas: US
Artists: Warhol, Odenburg, Rauschenberg
Word Association: post-war, everyday objects, iconic

27. Op Art, mid 20th c. Themes: geometric, abstract, illusion
Characteristics: patterns, lines, checkerboard, circles
Areas: US & throughout Europe
Artists: Vasarely, Riley, Poons
Word Association: optical illusions, patterns, playing with the eye and mind

28. Photorealism, 1960s and 70s
Themes: depiction of photography, interpretation
Characteristics: painting of a photo, should look like a photograph
Areas: US & Britain
Artists: Estes, Close
Word Association: photo, everyday streets or objects