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Copyright © 2011 Underwriters Laboratories Inc. ® All rights reserved HAZARD ANALYSIS: Hazard Based Safety Engineering & Fault Tree Analysis Tom Lanzisero, UL
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Slide 2 What do we mean by Safety, Risk, Harm and Hazard? What is Hazard Based Safety Engineering (HBSE)? What is Fault Tree Analysis? How do these Hazard Analysis tools help us meet our Safety Objectives? Slide 2 Hazard Analysis
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Slide 3 Keep it Simple, but… “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not one bit simpler.” Albert Einstein
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Slide 4 SAFETY - freedom from unacceptable risk RISK - combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm HARM - physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment HAZARD - potential source of harm Example Definitions (International Safety Community): ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards ISO – International Organization for Standardization; IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission Slide 4 Safety Terms
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Slide 5 Expressing Relative Risk
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Slide 6 Hazard Analysis Hazard Analysis - Determine what harm can occur and how –What: Harm types, degrees, potential sources (hazards) –How: Harm mechanisms, conditions and causes Hazard Based Safety Engineering (HBSE) –Systematic process - design / evaluate –Addresses conditions and mechanisms: harm protection –Analysis tools include 3-Block Model and FTA Model Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) –Graphical representation of causes of a fault (undesirable event) –Covers conditions, events, root causes and logical relationships –Analyzes harm and protective measures, strategies and priorities
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Slide 7 Surroundings Transfer Susceptible Entity General Model for Harm HARM: due to improper transfer between a susceptible entity and its surroundings Harm to: Persons Property Environment Too much / too fast (Hazardous) Too little / too slow (Needed) Energy / Material
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Slide 8 Model for Harm from a Hazard Hazardous Energy, Material Source Transfer Susceptible Person Property Environment HAZARD ( Potential source of Harm) HARM (Injury / damage)
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Slide 9 HBSE 3-Block Model for Injury Mechanical (kinetic) energy (e.g., moving part) Electrical energy (e.g., live part) Thermal energy (heat) (e.g., hot surface) Contact (current thru body impedance) Contact (conductive heat flow) Laceration to hand (minor to severe) Ventricular fibrillation (lethal) Skin burn (1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd degree) Hazardous Energy Source Transfer Mechanism Susceptible Body / Part E.g.,
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Slide 10 Protection Strategies Hazardous Source Transfer Susceptible Entity Eliminate (inherently safe), limit, or control the hazard Eliminate, limit or control the transfer (exposure) Decrease the susceptibility of the entity to harm (as applicable)
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Slide 11 Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) HBSE Fault Tree for Injury Top Level Model
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Slide 12 Hazardous Energy Source Transfer Mechanism Body Susceptibility Fault Tree with 3-Block Model
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Slide 13 Expanding the Fault Tree Model
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Slide 14 HBSE Fault Tree Model for Injury
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Slide 15 Fault Tree Protection Strategies ELIMINATE THE HAZARD 1 GUARD AGAINST THE HAZARD (Energy / Exposure) 2 WARN OF HAZARD 3
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Slide 16 Thanks! Questions? Thomas Lanzisero, P.E. Sr. Research Engineer thomas.p.lanzisero@us.ul.com +631-546-2464 For more, please see Applied Safety Science and Engineering Techniques (ASSET TM ) Paper published and presented at 2010 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering, sponsored by IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society: http://www.uluniversity.us/common/ncsresponse.aspx?rendertext =thoughtleadership#research_development Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1285 Walt Whitman Rd Melville, NY 11747-3081 USA www.ul.com
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