1. Section 1: Africa’s Early History
CHAPTER 8
Africa
Section 1: Africa’s Early History
Section 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum
Section 3: The Trading States of Africa

2. SECTION 1
Africa’s Early History
Question:
What are some of the methods scholars use to analyze limited data from early African civilizations?

3. spread in cultivated plants excavation of artifacts
SECTION 1
Africa’s Early History
Methods to Discover the Past
Language
Cultural Exchange
Other
spread of languages
oral tradition
new words
music
styles of art
spread in cultivated plants
changes in climate
excavation of artifacts
stories
songs
poems

4. SECTION 2
The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum
Question:
What geographic, economic, political, and cultural factors led to Kush’s development and fall?

5. The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum
SECTION 2
The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum
KUSH
Factors
Development of
Fall of
Geographic
Nile River, Red Sea; fertile soil near Meroë
Infertile soil
Economic
Control of trade routes to Egypt between Nile River and Red Sea
Lost control of trade routes
Political
Controlled Egypt; survived Assyrians
Taken over by Aksum
Use of iron, pottery; built pyramids and temples; written language
Cultural

6. Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 8
1. What types of good were traded in Africa and how did they meet people’s needs?
2. How did the natural environment affect the people of Africa?
3. How did the rulers of African kingdoms get what they wanted from others?