1. The Social & Economic Impact
HIV/AIDS
The Social & Economic Impact

2. Interact Worldwide
Interact Worldwide believes in the fundamental right of all human beings to access quality sexual and reproductive health services. We believe that unless people have access to these services they will never be able to lift themselves out of poverty. As such, we provide sexual and reproductive health services in some of the worlds poorest communities and campaign internationally for the right of all people to these services.

3. HIV/AIDS HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

4. ? How can you get HIV? 1. Through these bodily fluids
BREAST
MILK
VAGINAL
SECRETIONS
BLOOD
CERVICAL
SECRETIONS
SEMEN
2. Through these acts: H
INFECTED MOTHER:
DURING
1. PREGNANCY
2. BIRTH
3. BREAST FEEDING
UNPROTECTED PENETRATIVE INTERCOURSE (HOMOSEXUAL OR HETEROSEXUAL) WITH SOMEONE WHO IS INFECTED
1. INJECTION OR TRANSFUSION OF INFECTED BLOOD / BLOOD PRODUCTS
2. SHARING UNSTERALISED NEEDLES WITH SOMEONE WHO IS INFECTED

5. HIV Myths 1 ! You cannot catch HIV from kissing.
You cannot catch HIV from sitting on a toilet seat
You cannot catch HIV from coughing or sneezing
4. You cannot catch HIV from sharing cutlery

6. HIV Myths 2 ! You cannot catch HIV from drinking out of the same glass
holding hands
You cannot catch HIV
from hugging

7. Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV as of end 2005
Total: 40.3 (36.7 – 45.3) million
Western & Central Europe
[ – ]
North Africa & Middle East
[ – 1.4 million]
Sub-Saharan Africa
25.8 million
[23.8 – 28.9 million]
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
1.6 million
[ – 2.3 million]
South & South-East Asia
7.4 million
[4.5 – 11.0 million]
Oceania
74 000
[ – ]
North America
1.2 million
[ – 1.8 million]
Caribbean
[ – ]
Latin America
1.8 million
[1.4 – 2.4 million]
East Asia
[ – 1.4 million]
map in the back of epi update

8. Country Level Swaziland 38.8% Botswana 37.3 Lesotho 28.9 Zimbabwe 24.6
S. Africa 21.5
Namibia 21.3
Zambia 16.5
Malawi 14.2
CAR 13.5
Mozambique 12.2
S. Africa 5,300,000
India 5,100,000
Nigeria 3,600,000
Zimbabwe 1,800,000
Tanzania 1,600,000
Ethiopia 1,500,000
Mozamb 1,300,000
Kenya 1,200,000
DRC 1,100,000
USA 950,000

9. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 25.8 MILLION INFECTED
AIDS HAS LEFT BEHIND OVER 13 MILLION ORPHANS
66% OF THE PEOPLE WITH HIV LIVE HERE.
57% OF THE INFECTED ADULTS ARE WOMEN
HERE AIDS IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH
SWAZILAND HAS THE HIGHEST PREVALENCE OF HIV IN THE WORLD % OF THE ADULT POPULATION INFECTED.
2.4 MILLION ESTIMATED DEATHS AT THE END OF 2005

10. Western & Central Europe
Estimated number of adults and children newly infected with HIV during 2005
Total: 4.9 (4.3 – 6.6) million
Western & Central Europe
22 000
[ – ]
North Africa & Middle East
67 000
[ – ]
Sub-Saharan Africa
3.2 million
[2.8 – 3.9 million]
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
[ – ]
East Asia
[ – ]
South
& South-East Asia
[ – 2.4 million]
Oceania
8200
[2400 – ]
North America
43 000
[ – ]
Caribbean
30 000
[ – ]
Latin America
[ – ]
map in the back of epi update

11. From “Health Issue” to “Development Crisis”
Destruction of social capital
Knowledge base of society
Production sectors: agriculture, industry
Weakening of institutions
- Civil service, judiciary, armed forces, education, health
- Inhibition of private sector growth
Wider, deeper poverty

12. Estimated adult and child deaths from AIDS during 2005
Total: 3.1 (2.8 – 3.6) million
Western & Central Europe
12 000
[<15 000]
North Africa & Middle East
58 000
[ – ]
Sub-Saharan Africa
2.4 million
[2.1 – 2.7 million]
Eastern Europe
& Central Asia
62 000
[ – ]
East Asia
41 000
[ – ]
South
& South-East Asia
[ – ]
Oceania
3600
[1700 – 8200]
North America
18 000
[9000 – ]
Caribbean
24 000
[ – ]
Latin America
66 000
[ – ]
map in the back of epi update

13. Percentage of 15-year-old males who will die of HIV/AIDS based on current risk levels

14. Projected population structure with and
without the AIDS epidemic, Botswana 2020 80
Projected population
structure in 2020 75 70
Males
Females 65
Deficits due to AIDS 60 55
Age in years 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
140
120
100 80 60 40 20 20 40 60 80
100
120
140
Population (thousands)
Source: US Census Bureau, World Population Profile 2000

15. Women Women are infected up to 10 times more easily than men
Social and economic factors increase women’s vulnerability
In SSA 75% of years olds infected are women, globally 47% of total infections are in women
Women bear the social and economic burden of the epidemic

16. Household Impact
In Zambia and South Africa household incomes fall by 66-80%
In Vietnam one fifth of children in AIDS households had started to work
A study from Uganda shows that 25% of households are providing for an orphan
In Zambia when a mother dies 65% of households break up

17. Demand & Supply for Education
The school enrollment rate among orphans was 39% in Central African Republic, two thirds of the national rate of 60%
Source: Survey from CAR, UNICEF, 1999
Supply:
Over 30% of all educators in Malawi and Zambia were estimated to be HIV positive in 2000
In Tanzania 27,000 teachers will have died by 2020

18. Bed occupancy required for AIDS patients, Zimbabwe
1990
2000
AIDS beds
Non-AIDS beds
Source : UNAIDS, 2000

19. Potential AIDS treatment costs as a percent of the Ministry of Health Budget70
% of MOH Budget 60 50 40 30 20 10
Ethiopia 2014
Kenya 2005
Zimbabwe 2005
Source: Stover & Bollinger, 1999

20. HIV/AIDS affects rural areas
69% of the population of the most affected countries lives in rural areas
AIDS affects economic sectors with mobile/ migratory workers (agriculture, mining)
AIDS-related traditional practices are more prevalent in rural areas
AIDS-affected urban dwellers often return to rural areas

21. HIV/AIDS and food insecurity: deadly
Poverty and
Inequality
New HIV
infections
Food Insecurity
Faster progression
HIV to AIDS
NUTRITION: ROLE
Malnutrition
Risky survival
activities
Source: Mullins

22. NAPHAM Malawi “We go to schools to warn youth about the
dangers of HIV. We teach about HIV/AIDS
stigma and discrimination and after we
summarise with a play. And also we go to
community outreach. When we go to
community outreach we just perform a
play. We first find out what problems the
community has, and we do a play about
their problems, their concerns such as
about VCT (voluntary counselling and
testing), about HIV/AIDS information in
general, positive living, stigma and
Discrimination.”
Victoria Kambemba, voluntary youth worker for
NAPHAM, performing to a lively crowd at a
marketplace to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS.

23. SOME POSITIVES UGANDA, ZAMBIA, SENEGAL
UGANDA: HIV PREVALENCE RATES DROPPED TO 7%. GOVERNMENT TALKED OPENLY ABOUT HIV AND IT IS NOW FIRMLY ON THE POLITICAL AGENDA
SENEGAL: HIV HAS BEEN KEPT AT PREVALENCE RATES OF 0.8% THANKS TO VIGOROUS PREVENTION PROGRAMMES
SENEGAL
UGANDA
ZAMBIA
ZAMBIA: PREVALENCE AT 16.5%
BUT: URBAN MEN & WOMEN REPORT LESS SEX, FEWER PARTNERS AND A HIGHER RATE OF CONDOM USE

24. 2005: success stories
Zimbabwe: number of new HIV infections has gone down, mainly due to increased use of condoms and fewer partners
Caribbean: Haiti may be turning a corner, particularly in urban areas, due to increased abstention and faithfulness to one partner, however condom use among young people has decreased as has the age of first sex.