1. Human Capacity Building for APEC Science, Technology & Innovation: Preconditions & Key Issues to Succeed APEC-ISTWG Forum Paper Summary APRU-APEC Committee, 21 June 2002 Sixth APRU Meeting, Berkeley, California Michael A. Goldberg Associate Vice President International University of British Columbia

2. The Contexts Globalization Need well-trained & educated people: for economic success & civic society Knowledge-economy APEC Demography  OECD APEC an aging more diverse population  Developing APEC a growing population  All face growing migration people movements APEC includes 2 sets of quite different economies  Developed APEC economies  Developing APEC economies  Understanding-appreciating differences is crucial Each has different HCB and S&T challenges

3. Overview of the Scoping Paper Globalization Demands of the global knowledge economy Changing global economy S&T skills training & education for HCB across APEC Critical HCB themes for S&T development  Start with general workplace & managerial skills  Move ahead to explore S&T capacity specifically Challenges to meet, opportunities to seize Moving ahead

4. Education Themes Summary “Prisoners’ dilemma” of investing in people Balance long-short term, theory-practice Put experience in learning, learning to work S&T skill build on work & management skills Labour and learning markets tightly linked Conclusion & Goal: “Seamless access, measurable portable progress, and free movement in a responsive workplace, management and S&T education, skills and training system”

5. Linking Education/Training, S&T Knowledge Providers, the Labor Market and the Workforce S & T Knowledge Providers Job Creation and Labour Market Need The Workforce and Its Needs Experience Education & Training Providers Experience

6. Summary Global forces are reshaping all economies Cannot rely on natural resources-manufacturing Human resources key to prosper now & future Knowledge-economy demands HCB investing 14 themes set foundation for S&T HCB 9 opportunities identified in education/skills training system  Education, skills & training are linked system  Need seamlessness and portability of training  Give general and digital access to on-going workplace, managerial and S&T learning

7. APEC Actions and Extensions I Publicize and imitate successful programs Need to change individual and organization learning cultures Build public-private ties to foster learning & skills training Create a sense of urgency to act now May use top down public rules-subsidies: usually fail though

8. APEC Actions-Extensions II Culture change better from bottom up Tax/regulatory change can shift learning behavior If learning “pays”: training-learning attitudes shift  Accelerated write-offs of education  Tax credits-depreciation for HCB  Change HCB accounting  Have firms investing in people good investments  New GAAP: HCB investments on balance sheet  “Human capital” auditing-accounting standards  How can capital markets value HCB investment?

9. APEC Actions - Extensions III Publicize and share success stories  Coles Institute in Australia  ITAC industry partnerships in Canada  Small wins in small experiments in small places (Valemont, BC; Whitehorse, Yukon) Look at learning outcomes; not spending inputs Clear learning outcomes key to HCB by all Challenges are formidable; so are gains Global knowledge economy gives no option: for APEC to prosper it must invest in people