1. 1 Air Quality: Potential Impacts of Shale Development in Ohio Kevin Crist, PhD Director & Professor, Center for Air Quality Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Russ College of Engineering and Technology 06/04/2013

2. RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Shale Potential in Ohio 2 Source: ODNR Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management ** USEPA, Region 5 Final Designations, April 2012, www.epa.govwww.epa.gov

3. RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 3 Fracking Emission Sources 1.Diesel & Water Tanker Trucks (Off-road) 2.Diesel engine powered drilling and generator trucks (Off-road) 3.Well-head compressors, pumps, generators and heaters 4. Diesel engine powered drill rigs & fracing pumps Blowdown & completion venting ( major source CH 4 ) 5.Flaring 6.Flowback fluids storage pits 7.Condensate & Oil tanks 8.Compressor stations, gas plants, heaters and dehydrators 9.Fugitive emissions from transmission pipelines 10.Gas & oil processing facility 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Groundwater table NO x, VOCs, PM, SO 2, CO 2, CO Venting VOCs including CH 4, H 2 S NO x, VOCs, PM, SO 2, CO 2, CO Evaporative VOCs including CH 4 Fugitive VOCs including CH 4 NO x, VOCs, PM, SO 2, CO 2, CO

4. RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Experience from Other Regions: Ozone 4 Episode average difference in daily max 8- hour O3 Episode maximum difference in daily max 8-hour O3 Low Scenario High Scenario Low Scenario Source: S. Kemball-Cook, A. Bar- Ilan, J. Grant, L. Parker, J. Jung, W. Santamaria, J. Matthews, & G. Yarwood, Ozone impacts of natural gas development in Haynesville shale, Environmental Science & Technology (2010) Ozone chemistry in atmosphere

5. RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Experience from Other Regions: Criteria Pollutants 5 Source Categories in Barnett Shale *Al Armendriaz, Emissions of natural gas production in the Barnett shale area and opportunities for cost-effective improvements, (2009) ** ENVIRON, Development of emissions inventories for natural gas exploration and production activity in the Haynesville shale, (2009)

6. RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Experience from Other Regions: Greenhouse Gases 6 Total = 22375 tons/day Barnett Shale (Armendriaz 2009 *) Fugitive Methane emissions (Howarth et al., 2011 **) *Al Armendriaz, Emissions of natural gas production in the Barnett shale area and opportunities for cost-effective improvements, (2009) ** R.W. Howarth,R. Santoro, A. Ingraffea, Methane and greenhouse gases footprint of natural gas from shale formations, Climate Change (2011) 3.6 – 7.9% fugitive of total production

7. RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Greenhouse Gases: Ohio Status 7 % Contribution to Total CO 2 in U.S. 268 MMTCO 2 Residential: 6 th Industrial: 6 th Commercial: 7 th Total CO 2 Emissions: 4 th Electric Power: 2 th Transportation: 7 th 677 MMTCO 2 Source: Energy Information Administration (2009)

8. Thank You