1. Laboratory for Multimedia Communication in Telepresence Renewable Energy Provisioning for ICT Services in Future Internet Green Star Network Initiative Mohamed Cheriet, Eng. PhD. École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, Québec

2. 2 Outline ICT energy & Environment Renewable Energy Production The Green Star Network Solution Carbon protocol & application

3. 3 ICT Energy & Environment Climate Change is not reversible Urgently need to develop low carbon solutions ICT are a major consumer of power (8% in the US) and CO2 production which is growing at 6% per year The problem we face is not only Energy Efficiency though, BUT GHG Reduction The Goal is to provide ICT Services with green energy

4. 4 Power of the ICT: Data centers Volume of data in the world is doubled after each 18 months Half of ICT consumption is data centers CO2 emission from US datacenters is greater than all CO2 emissions from Netherlands or Argentina Primary IT energy consumer (at least 1% of global electrical consumption) Data centers will consume 12% of electricity in the US by 2020 Coal fuels much of Internet ‘cloud’ GHG emissions increase along with the volume of processing data Energy efficiency is not an appropriate solution ICT Energy & Environment Network Power Consumption

5. 5 ICT Energy & Environment The current Internet

6. 6 ICT Energy & Environment Example of Data Centers Lakeside Technology Center, Chicago 1 100 000 pc, 100 MVA Bejing Olympic Data Center, 1 000 000 pc, 80 MVA Next Generation DCT Newport, GB 750 000 pc, 90 MVA

7. 7 7 ICT Energy & Environment Data Centers - Challenges number one challenge What is the number one challenge your data center faces today? * *Source: IDC Inc.

8. 8 Canada (Québec) 97% hydro (present) Up to 8% wind in 2015 Ireland 14.4 % renewable electricity 10% wind Gulf stream (?) Norway & Sweden 50% hydro Finland 33% renewable electricity (wood and peat) Renewable Energy Production Iceland 100% renewable: hydro + geothermal Spain More than 20 % renewable electricity Third largest wind energy producer Fourth largest solar energy producer Belgium Less than 10% of renewable electricity

9. *Source: Emerson Network Power Cooling & Climate Cooling consumes a large portion of powerRequired temperature for data centers: 20 o C to 22 o C, or even lower (15 o C) Required temperature for data centers

10. 10 Separate infrastructure ownership and maintenance from usage Data centers powered by renewable green energy source (i.e., hydroelectricity, solar, wind) All-optical Core network IT service is migrated among nodes when power dwindles Virtualization and Cloud Computing must be implemented Scalable & Flexible management for intermittent energy sources The GreenStar Network Solution How to keep IT service green?

11. 11 The Green Network Solution GreenStar - World’s First Zero Carbon Internet & Cloud  To develop low-carbon technologies, including:  renewal energy like wind- and solar-powered networks,  virtualization,  carbon quantification procedures, and tools,  To ensure ICT's carbon footprint remains under control and does not increase as the world becomes more and more reliant on information and communication technologies.

12. 12 Infrastructure Resources GHG Measurement Engine (ISO 14064) Infrastructure Metrics Aggregation Compute Resource 1 M Compute Resource n M Network Resource 1 M Network Resource n M Sensor Resource 1 M Sensor Resource n M Decision Engine Data Centre n Metrics (M) Compute Cluster Network Equipment Instruments, Sensors GSN Green IT Pilot Goals: (i) Distributed Cloud Software (ii) Follow the Sun/Wind Energy (iii) Carbon protocol, GeoChronos relocation GreenStar Network Central Hub Hydro-powered node Spokes Sun or Wind powered nodes The GreenStar Network Solution

13. 13  Increased CPU utilization and reduced power use  Typical server utilization rate: ~10-15% (usually higher for virtualized storage)  Virtualized utilization rate: Up to 80%  Server consolidation  Decreased need to purchase additional servers  Increased rack space  Reduced “white space” requirements  Improved continuity and disaster recovery  Virtualized servers can be mirrored in case of failure  Reduced labor costs  Easier hardware provisioning and maintenance The GreenStar Network Solution Virtualization In 2010, 85% of medium and enterprise customers have already started implementing virtualization FACT: Source: Forrester

14. 14  Computing resources  Hypervisors: KVM, Xen, VMWare  Guest operating system: Linux (Ubuntu, Cent OS), Windows  Available templates: Desktop, Server 32 bit, Server 64 bits  Storage  iSCSI  NFS  Network  Layer 1: Argia  Layer 2: Ether  Layer 3: MANTICORE / NetVirt  Network address assignment (DHCP server)  Power distribution  PDUs: Raritan, ServerTech  Power generators  Solar power generator  Wind power generator  Climate controller  Raritan The GreenStar Network Solution What can be virtualized ?

15. 15 The GreenStar Network Map

16. 16 GSN Infrastructure – Network x

17. 17 The GreenStar Network Cloud-based Management VM

18. 18 ISO-14064-2 and WRI & the WBCSD defacto standard Provide guidance for process to create carbon credits Require that a project rely upon an accepted quantification protocol No protocol for IT sector is yet defined ! Requirements and guidance for a quantification protocol How to determine if the project is additional? How to pick an appropriate baseline? What are the sinks sources and reservoirs (SSRs) needed to measure and estimate? How will the emissions reductions be calculated ? How does one calculate an equivalent level of service? GSN is the world’s first initiative Carbon Protocol

19. 19 How Real Reductions will be Achieved Carbon Protocol

20. 20 http://www.greenstarnetwork.com Demonstration of GreenStar web application http://gsnmanager.greenstarnetwork.com/gsn-webclient- video/ Thank you ! ©Synchromedia 2010 iDeal inc. SIGMACO