1. Jump Start
Name two things the North & South disagreed about, politically and why that disagreement existed.
Think of Lifestyle, Occupations and Politics.
What was the biggest ideological difference between the two regions of the US?
How did immigration further separate the two regions?

2. The Slavery Debate Divides the Nation
Sectionalism vs. Nationalism…Again

3. Slavery – Should It Spread?
Wilmot Proviso :
Slavery forbidden in territories won in Mexican War.
North Supported It South Opposed It
No So. support on Canals/Roads Slaves property – Could travel
Potential Competition for jobs Potential loss of other liberty
Both Feared
– Upset the balance of votes in Senate –
Then California applies for statehood!

4. California Statehood Debate
Launches the nation into another round of mistrust
Wilmot Proviso still not passed – so no slavery yet in new territories of New Mexico & California.
California’s Constitution prohibits slavery –
Requests admission as a Free State.
South feels betrayed – Missouri Compromise should have covered this – slavery below 36°30’
Angry speeches are made all over the US.

5. Secession Becomes a Reality
31st Congress, December 1849
Several issues divide the members
- California’s statehood
- Texas claims eastern New Mexico
- North demands abolition in Washington DC
- South threatens secession more often
- No enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act

6. Fugitive Slave Act
Any federal marshal who did not arrest an alleged runaway slave could be fined $1,000.
Runaway slave suspects could be arrested without warrant and turned over to a ‘claimant’ on nothing more than his sworn testimony of ownership. No right to trial.
Persons aiding a runaway slave was liable to six months' imprisonment and a $1,000 fine.
Finders Fees to officers who ‘found’ escaped slaves

7. Northerners Act to Resist
“Vigilance Committees” helped get escaped slaves to Canada
Personal Liberty Laws 9 Northern states pass laws…
NO IMPRISONMENT OF RUNAWAY SLAVES
Underground Railroad - Network of escape routes
Harriet Tubman – escaped outspoken former slave who helped over 300 slaves escape.

8. Henry Box Brown, Who Escaped from Slavery, Enclosed in a Box 3 Feet Long and 2 Wide.

9. Abolitionists Increase Pressure
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
A Novel
Dramatized the evils of slavery
Sold over 1 Million Copies in 1 year
Southerners wrote novels too, but none convinced anyone that slavery was good.
South feared abolitionists even more

10. Clay’s Compromise of 1850 California is admitted as a free state
Utah & New Mexico decide slavery for themselves
Concept of Popular Sovereignty emerges
Texas border with Mexico settled – slavery limited to current borders of Texas.
Fugitive Slave Law strengthened
Compromise of 1850 is NOT PASSED IN CONGRESS!!!

11. ‘Compromise’ Torch is Passed
Clay dies, frustrated ; Calhoun dies and South’s biggest opponent of compromise is gone.
Pres. Zachary Taylor Dies and Millard Fillmore becomes President – supports compromise.
Senator Stephen ‘Little Giant’ Douglas – Illinois 5’ 4”tall takes up the Compromise battle in Congress.

12. Compromise is Short Lived…
Everyone thinks compromise ends the crisis
Now the battle is over enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law.
Underground Railroad is born & North resists returning the slaves.

13. Homework
Write a four paragraph (1 page) essay on why relations between the north and south were deteriorating from Focus on the following topics and use class notes, textbook , and internet (note sources) to find information.
1) Expanding the nation’s borders and admitting
states to the union.
2) Northern vs. Southern views of slavery
Assignment Due Tuesday 1/20/09.