1. 5: Configuring Network Devices
Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP

2. Objectives

3. ISR What’s an ISR? One device that combines features
LAN/WAN connectivity
Security
Wireless
And more…
Cisco has 70% of the market!

4. 1841 ISR

5. The IOS Internetwork Operating System Describe what an OS does?
IOS is offered in images
Each image supports different features

6. What’s In The Box? Router Power Cable Serial Port Adapter
Blue Console Cable
Documentation

7. Setting Up the Router
What’s an emulation program? Like DS can play Gameboy games, PS3 can play PS2 games, etc.

8. Stage 1: Bootup Process POST tests hardware (CPU, Memory)
ROM: Bootstrap
Boot Image
Begins search for IOS

9. Stage 2: Bootup Process Locate & load IOS
Could be in Flash (default) or TFTP server

10. Stage 3: Bootup Process Configuration File or Setup NVRAM (1st)
TFTP Server
If found, copies into RAM
If not found, enters Setup Mode

11. The Config File

12. The Config File Startup Configuration Running Configuration
Saved file with addressing, etc
Stored in NVRAM
Loads into RAM on start
Running Configuration
Config running in RAM (goes bye-bye)
If you make a change, save it to the startup configuration
copy running-config startup-config
copy run start

13. Startup-Config File Saved file that starts up Stored in NVRAM
Loads into RAM

14. Running-Config File Current config running Stored in RAM
Goes away when shut down (unless saved)
If you make a config change, it MUST be saved
Copy running-config startup-config
Copy run start

15. Show Version

16. Boot Problems IOS Fails ROMmon mode In ROM; troubleshoot boot errors
Check flash for image
Boot command from ROMmon
If boots, check show version for the config-register setting

17. Lab
Power up an ISR and view the router system and configuration files using show commands.
End of Day One

18. Review Where is the IOS stored? Where is the startup config stored?
Flash
Where is the startup config stored?
NVRAM
What happens 1st when the router boots?
POST
The IOS & startup config get loaded into what?
RAM

19. Configuration Out-of-band management In-band management
Initial configuration
Console or AUX direct connection
HyperTerminal
In-band management
Configuration changes over network/Internet
HTTP or Telnet from outside of network
One port must be active on router

20. Configuration Programs-CLI
Command Line Interface
Looks similar to DOS commands
On ALL Cisco routers
In or out-of-band management

21. Configuration Programs-SDM
Security Device Manager
GUI
In-band management ONLY
Configure additional LAN and WAN connections
Create firewalls
Configure VPN connections
Perform security tasks
Some advanced commands need to be done in CLI!

22. SDM Express
SDM Express
Initial router config

23. Activity CLI or SDM? Web-based? Text-based commands?
Command-prompt based?
Don’t need to know CLI commands?
Step-by-step config process?

24. SDM Express- Basic Config

25. SDM Express- LAN IP Addresses

26. SDM Express- DHCP

27. Activity

28. SDM Express WAN Connect
Serial Connection to WAN or ISP
Serial is slower than LAN Ethernet
100Mbps LAN; 1.544Mbps T1
Serial to Serial connections MUST use the same protocol encapsulation (Layer 2)
HDLC
Frame Relay
PPP

29. SDM Express WAN Connect

30. Getting the Serial IP Address
HDLC, Frame Relay, PPP
Static IP Address (You Set)
IP Negotiated / Easy IP or IP Unnumbered
Auto IP assignment through PPP encapsulation
P unnumbered - Sets the serial interface address to match the IP address of one of the other functional interfaces of the router. Available with Frame Relay, PPP, and HDLC encapsulation types.
IP negotiated - The router obtains an IP address automatically through PPP.
Easy IP (IP Negotiated) - The router obtains an IP address automatically through PPP.

31. Lab
Configure an ISR using Cisco SDM Express

32. Review
Which port connects to your PC serial port & is used for initial configuration of a router?
Console
Which band management method is this?
Out-of-band
Your network MUST be working in order to connect & monitor/make changes to the config file. What 2 methods can be used?
HTTP/Telnet
SDM

33. Review
Other than the console port, which other port can be used with a modem for initial configuration?
AUX
Which connection method is used for in-band management from a remote location?
Telnet
Which memory type keeps its contents when there is no power?
NVRAM

34. Review Where is the running-config stored?
RAM
Where is the startup-config stored?
NVRAM
Which mode is displayed when you log into the router?
User EXEC mode

35. Review
Which 3 encapsulations can be on the serial interface using SDM Express?
HDLC
PPP
Frame Relay
On the 1st (basic) config screen of SDM Express, which can you configure?
Host name Ethernet IP Address
DHCP Enable Secret Password
NAT DNS
Domain Name Your Name

36. Review SDM & CLI. Which service translates names to IP addresses?
Which is GUI?
SDM
Which is used for in & out-band management?
CLI
Which service translates names to IP addresses?
DNS
Which memory stays, even with no power?
NVRAM

37. NAT using SDM Use Basic NAT (Dynamic)
Inside Locals share the WAN IP address (Inside Global)
Must tell it which address will share

38. Lab
Configure Dynamic NAT using the Cisco SDM basic NAT wizard.

39. CLI Command Modes User Mode Privileged Mode
Limited commands like Ping & Traceroute
Type enable to enter privileged mode
Privileged Mode
Can alter router operation

40. Interface & Other Modes
After privileged mode, you can configure
Type configure terminal OR config t
Once here, commands entered take effect immediately!

41. E-Lab 5.3.1 Step 3: int s0 Step 5: router rip Step 6: end
You can use Ctrl-Z in a real router, too
Step 9: line con 0

42. Getting Help in CLI
Help or ?

43. Oops… I goofed!

44. Oops… I forgot! Command History Previous command Recent Command Tab
Last 10 by default
Max 256
Previous command
Ctrl-P or ↑
Recent Command
Ctrl-N or ↓
Tab
Completes command entry

45. Activity & PT

46. Show Commands & PT
show running-config
show interfaces
show arp
show ip route
show users
show version

47. Configuring w/ CLI

48. Configuring CLI & PT 5.3.4.4 Router(config)#banner motd # Blah #
Text to show during login
Usually a warning

49. Configuring an Interface
Serial & Ethernet are common
Serial (WAN)
Your router is a DTE
CSU/DSU is the DCE
DCE provides a clocking rate

50. Labs, Labs, & More Labs E-Lab 5.3.5.3 Packet Tracer 5.3.5.4

51. Configuring a Default Route
Router forwards packet to destination net
Looks at routing table to see which port to go out
Can set a default route to go out if not in routing table

52. Labs…Yup!
Only one this time
Packet Tracer

53. DHCP
What is normally sent to a PC?

54. Configuring DHCP Create DHCP Address Pool Specify the Subnet
Exclude any IP Addresses
Specify the Domain Name- optional
DNS Server IP Address- 1 or 2 usually
Set the Default Gateway Address to be sent
Set the Lease Duration- default one day

55. DHCP PT &

56. Configuring Static NAT
Inside server needs to be accessed from Internet
Must translate the private IP to the SAME public IP

57. Configuring Static NAT

58. Verifying NAT Show ip nat translations Packet Tracer 5.3.8.3
Lab

59. Backing Up the Config File
TFTP
Copy start tftp
To restore it:
Copy tftp run PT

60. Backing Up the Config File
HyperTerminal
Will paste into Notepad
Extra text needs to be removed
No shutdown added
Then, you can paste back into whenever PT

61. Switches- 2960 OSI Layer? TCP/IP Layer? 3-Layer Model Layer?
Uses the destination ____ to forward frames.
Use CLI or Cisco Network Assistant (GUI)

62. LEDs SYST RPS STAT (Port Status) Working or not Green or Amber
Redundant power supply
STAT (Port Status)
Green- Link
Blinking Green- Tx/Rx
Amber- error

63. Speed of Ports 10/100/1000 Half-Duplex Full-Duplex
Port & device MUST be set same
Auto-negotiate (by default on Cisco)
MUST be on both devices or else collisions

64. Switch IOS

65. Power On Some don’t have power switch POST 1st LEDs blink
SYST LED blinks green fast= done POST
Fails= AMBER (needs repair)

66. Configuring a Switch Switch ports DO NOT have IP addresses!
Can config an IP to the switch for web-based management/configuration
Comes ready to go
CLI
Device Manager (Web-based)
Network Assistant (GUI)

67. Assign an IP Address to Switch

68. Configure It Switch IP Console Port Password Telnet Password
Way out of network
E-Lab PT

69. Port Security Limit MAC addresses per port Security! Static Dynamic
Sticky
Violation: Shutdown port

70. Verify Port Security

71. Hooking It Up
Can set up Port Security PT
Lab

72. Cisco Discovery Protocol- CDP
Shares info between directly connected Cisco devices (neighbors)
Runs on boot
Sends periodic CDP advertisements
Operate at Layer 2
Information gathered by CDP includes:
Device host name
Layer 3 addresses
What the directly connected port is, “serial 0/0/0”
Capabilities list – Router, Switch
Platform, for example Cisco 1841

73. Show CDP Neighbors

74. Show CDP Neighbors Detail

75. Disabling CDP
Why disable it? PT

76. WAN Connections Point-to-Point Circuit-Switched Packet-Switched
Leased line
Expensive $$$
Your own path
Circuit-Switched
Like phone call
ISDN or dial-up
Packet-Switched
Virtual path
Frame Relay

77. WAN Service Connections
Lab

78. Monitoring Devices ISP to Customer Router/Switch
Telnet= not secure, clear text
Secure Shell (SSH)= encrypted
Lab
Create a user acct with enable privileges
Configure SSH for login

79. Serial Port Encapsulation
HDLC is default
Can be changed to PPP PT

80. Review

81. 5: Configuring Network Devices
Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP