1. TEACHING APPROACHES

2. IT’S YOUR CHOICE You decide on the instructional approach & strategy
You decide what is appropriate –given the needs of the learner, the learning outcomes and the resources available
The teacher is the instructional decision-maker
Discuss how various jurisdictions deal with this – Ontario, for example, curriculum does not suggest how to teach – Atlantic Canada – provides “suggested teaching strategies” GO TO CD – CURRICULUM –SHOW EXAMPLES

3. Teaching Approaches
Transmissive –Knowledge & Skills presented to student
Transactional – Students actively engaged in their learning
Transformative – Students form their own understanding about the learning – Constructivism

4. TEACHING METHODS Direct Instruction Indirect Instruction
Interactive Instruction
Experiential Learning
Independent Study

5. Research indicates that individuals retain about:
10% of what they read
20% of what they hear
30% of what they see
50% of what they both hear and use
70% of what they say
90% of what they say and do

6. DIRECT INSTRUCTION Teacher Directed Transmissive
Strategies/Methods include
Lecture
Explicit Teaching
Structured Overview
Compare and Contrast
Didactic Questions
Drill & Practice
Activating Prior Knowledge –cues, questions, advance organizers
Demonstrations
Guides for Reading, Listening, Viewing

7. INDIRECT INSTRUCTION Teacher Planned
More student involvement – student not just a passive listener
Moving from Transmissive to Transactive & Transformative
Strategies/Methods include
Problem-solving
Document Analysis
Concept Formation/Mapping
Case Studies
Inquiry
Summarizing & Note-taking
Reading for Meaning
Reflective Discussion
Creating Nonlinguistic Representations – graphic organizers, images, sketches etc.

8. INTERACTIVE INSTRUCTION
Teacher or Student Designed
Students interact with other students, guests, peers, community members, others
Transactive and Transformative
Strategies/Methods include
Debates
Role Playing
Panels
Brainstorming
Peer Practice
Discussion
Laboratory Groups
Co-operative Learning Groups
Problem Solving/Study Groups
Tutorial Groups
Group Research Projects
Interviewing

9. EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Teacher/student planned
Students involved in simulated or real life experiences
Transactive and Transformative
Strategies/Methods include:
Historical Drama
Role Playing
Field Trips such as visits to historical sites, museums, archives, other
Conducting Experiments
Generating & Testing Hypothesis
Simulations
Games
Model Building
Surveys

10. INDEPENDENT STUDY Student works independently
Teacher may give assistance if needed
Transmissive, Transactive and Transformative
Strategies/Methods include:
Computer Assisted Instruction
Anchor Activities
Distance Education
Essays/reports
Learning Activity Package
Correspondence Lessons
Learning Contracts
Homework
Independent Research Projects
Learning Centres

11. IT’S YOUR CHOICE
You decide which approach and which strategy will work best for the given situation – the needs of the learner, the nature of the learning outcome and the resources you have available
Remember
Time is a resource – you will need to consider the time it takes for some strategies – Is the time it takes worth the end result?
It’s your decision