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Warm-up How do you think scientists’ personal views, feelings, and experiences may affect their research?
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Warm-up In complete sentences, list three reasons why Mr. Sleep wants you to write today’s agenda in your notebook for THIS class.
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Chapter 1: The Nature of Science Section 1
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Learning Objectives Students will understand what science is. Students will know the general fields of study in science. Students will grow a better understanding of how investigations are conducted. Students will learn about the different parts of investigations.
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What is science? Science is a method for studying the natural world Comes from scientia, meaning “knowledge” Uses observations & investigation to gain knowledge about events
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One minute quick write. Science is a method for studying the natural world. How can science be used to study the supernatural? Supernatural examples- God, miracles, ghosts, etc.
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Major Categories of Science Covers many topics classified by three main categories: 1. Life Science= Life & living things 2. Earth Science= investigates Earth & space 3. Physical Science= matter & energy
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Investigations Scientists learn new information about the natural world by performing investigations, which can be done many different ways. Investigations involve: Observations & record keeping Setting up experiments & isolating variables Building models & recording behaviors
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Parts of an Investigation: Variables Variable- a factor that can cause a change in the results of an experiment Independent variable- the variable YOU change to see how it will affect the dependent variable Dependent variable- a variable in an experiment that changes according to the changes in the independent variable
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One minute quick write. John tests 3 types of fertilizer, A, B, and C for tomatoes to see which one works best. Every factor, such as water, sunlight, and shade is kept the same. John found that fertilizer A had the largest tomato plants. Quick write- Identify the independent and dependent variables in this experiment and explain why.
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Parts of an Investigation: Constants and Controls To be sure you are only testing one variable in an experiment, you must keep the other possible factors the same. Constant- a factor that does not change when other variables change in an experiment Control- a standard by which the test results can be compared.
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One minute quick write. John tests 3 types of fertilizer, A, B, and C for tomatoes to see which one works best. Every factor, such as water, sunlight, and shade is kept the same. John found that fertilizer A had the largest tomato plants. Quick write- Identify some constants in this experiment.
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Parts of an Investigation: Data An important part of every experiment includes recording observations and organizing test data. Interpreting data and analyzing the observations is an important step. Data do not tell you what to think!
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Parts of an Investigation: Conclusions Based on the analysis of your data, YOU decide whether or not your conclusion is correct. Others may repeat your experiment, and those experiments must get the same data as you for your conclusion to be accepted by the scientific community
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Parts of an Investigation: Bias Bias- occurs when what the scientist expects changes how the results are viewed. Examples: A company testing their own product. Flat Earther’s performing an experiment to see if the Earth is truly a sphere.
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