1. Chapter 7 Nationalism and Sectionalism

2. Focus Question
How did transportation developments and industrialization affect the nations economy?

3. Transportation Revolution
Roads
First roads were dirt trails
1790 created wilderness roads made of logs
Used to reach new territories beyond the Cumberland Mountains

4. Transportation Revolution
Most roads were privately owned
Owner expected to make a profit by collecting a toll
Used a pike that blocked the road
After collecting a toll, the attendant would turn the pike

5. Transportation Revolution
Steamboats
1807 by Robert Fulton the Clermont, made 150 mile trip in 32 hours
NYC to Albany up the Hudson River
Steam powered ships made it possible for farmers and planters to increase their trade and profits

6. Transportation Revolution
Canals
Erie Canal built by State of NY
Linked Atlantic with Great Lakes
1817 freight charged 19 cents per ton per mile
1830 less than 2 cents per ton per mile

7. Erie Canal
Farmers no longer depended on the Mississippi passage to New Orleans
Increase the settlement area of the Great Lakes

8. Transportation Revolution
It turned New York Harbor into America's number one port

9. Railroad Began in Britain Replaces Shipping Cargo Passenger use
31,000 miles of track by 1860
Steam Powered initially.

10. Technology Sparks Industrial Growth
Began in Britain in the 1700s
Changes in the textile or cloth-making industry
British inventor created device to make spinning more efficient

11. Technology Sparks Industrial Growth
Devices include:
Spinning Jenny
The water frame
The power loom

12. Slater Opens First Textile Mill
Samuel Slater
Samuel Slater began the American Industrial Revolution with the construction of the first successful textile mill in 1793

13. Slater Opens First Textile Mill
Slater, built the first successful water powered textile mill in Pawtucket, RI in 1793

14. Lowell Builds Fully Operational Mill
Francis Cabot Lowell formed Boston Manufacturing Company

15. The Boston Manufacturing Company
1813, first factory to operate in which all the processes from raw cotton to finished cloth were completed in a single mill 
Eliminated loss of time, labor, and materials

16. The Boston Manufacturing Company
The rivers made it cheaper for mills to run their factory utilizing water power
Cheap labor of women and children
Easier for mills to produce products
The Lowell Mill had supplied all the necessary elements of textiles under one roof, which replaced the putting out system (which enabled workers to bring home cloth or thread for the workers to create clothing/cloth at home).  The Lowell Mill supplied numerous individuals with the comfort of already made clothing, and produced ample sizes.

17. Inventions Transform Industry and Agriculture
Eli Whitney
While making guns for the government,
Realize that if the parts were all made exactly the same
They could be used on any similar gun

18. New Methods of Production
Created a system of interchangeable parts
Took 10 years to create 10,000 guns
Could not be sure the parts were exact
Other inventors perfected the the system of Interchangeable parts

19. Cotton Gin
Whitney learned that Southern planters were in desperate need of a way to make the growing of cotton profitable

20. Cotton Gin In 1794 Eli Whitney received a patent for his cotton gin
After the invention of the cotton gin, the yield of raw cotton doubled each decade after 1800
Making cotton the dominate crop in the South

21. Inventions and Improvements

22. Shoes and Sewing Machines
Charles Goodyear
Vulcanized rubber in 1839
Didn’t freeze in cold weather or melt in hot weather
First used to protect boots and shoes from snow and mud, eventually tires

23. Shoes and Sewing Machines
Elias Howe
Clothing industry
Invented the sewing machine in 1846
First used in shoe factories

24. Shoes and Sewing Machines
I.M. Singer
Added the foot treadle for use in homes- 1851
Price of clothing dropped by 75%,
Allowing more people to afford to buy clothes at a store

25. Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution changed the way people worked by having them use machines to do jobs previously done by hand

26. Daily Quiz

27. Name the first great canal built in the 1820’s that connects the East to the West.
Erie Canal

28. Which man played a significant role in creating or introducing the cotton gin, mass production, interchangeable parts?
Eli Whitney

29. Name two results of the Erie Canal.
Increase the settlement area of the Great Lakes
was highly profitable for New York
Cities and industries along the canal developed and flourished

30. Who built a centralized textile factory
Francis Cabot Lowell

31. What American industry first used machines to do work previously done by hand?
Textiles

32. Section 2 preview: SECTIONALISM
Focus Question: Why did industrialization take root in the North?
Sectional Difference
North vs. South
Tariff of 1816
Factory System
Cotton Gin
Labor Unions
Middle Class Emerges
Emigration: Ireland/Germans