1. Transportation and Industry Revolution Factories Roads Railroads Canals Steamboats

2. Steamboats Transporting by the river was faster and cheaper but boats could only travel downstream because of their heavy cargo The steamboat was able to travel upstream First steam boat (Clermont) was invented by Robert Fulton

3. Canals Canals Link farms to cities Erie Canal connected Northeast to West ◦ Expense goes from $100 to $4 ◦ Made NYC a commercial center

4. Railroads (“Iron Horses”) Idea brought back by Peter Cooper from Britain Helped settle the West Pulled heavier loads than horses

5. 1 st Industrial Revolution Technological developments changed manufacturing, culture, social life and politics Manufacturing shifted from hand tools to complex machines, unskilled labor Work is done in factories not the home Created a middle class…this is good

6. Samuel Slater Britain had strict laws prohibiting anyone from sharing their inventions with foreigners But in 1789, Samuel Slater came to America and constructed the British water frame from memory Used the water to power the textile mill Factories must be near water (Northeast region)

7. Francis Lowell Opened mills in Massachusetts where he introduced mass production of cotton cloth after touring Britain, not just making the thread Built residences for workers in Lowell, MA, strict rules for behavior Employed women (“Lowell girls”) until they got married

8. Interchangeable parts Invented by Eli Whitney Transformed gun making from a one-by-one process into a factory process by making all parts of one product the same This process will be used on other technologies to turn out large quantities ◦ Sewing machines invented by Elias Howe and perfected by Isaac Singer

9. Samuel F.B. Morse Invented the telegraph Developed the Morse code for sending messages (dots and dashes) Before messages would take as long as a horse took Now messages were almost instant

10. Immigration Industrialization drew millions of immigrants (Ireland and Germany) to cities in search of factory jobs ◦ Disliked by Americans because they were not Protestant and were prosperous  Nativism: favoring native born Americans over immigrants

11. Farming Still dominated the American economy South relies on slave labor for cotton production (Cotton Kingdom) Steel plow by John Deere Mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick ◦ Cut and gather grain

12. LET’S REVIEW! 1. Which of the following is NOT true about the Industrial Revolution? A.machines replaced hand tools B.employed highly skilled workers C.work was done in factories not homes 2. How did transportation improvements contribute to the growth of American cities? A.Workers could travel easily from rural homes to urban jobs B.New inventions aided industrialization C.Cities along canals and railroads became business and shipping centers 3. Why did towns and cities grow larger? A.People went to cities to watch movies B.All airports were located in cities C.Most factories were located in cities 4. Why do factory owners hire immigrants? A.They were bilingual B.They were willing to work long hours for low wages C.They were especially skilled in making textiles