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November 2003 Generating in a CO 2 constrained world Pan-European Utility Research Europe to be CO 2 constrained => €15/tonne & risk on upside Value-creation opportunity => Power prices @ cash costs = no longer sustainable Europe to be CO 2 constrained => €15/tonne & risk on upside Value-creation opportunity => Power prices @ cash costs = no longer sustainable Chris RowlandDresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 2 Power sector provide CO 2 abatement How can Europe abate CO 2 ? 0 25 50 75 100 125 1581216202428 Cost per tonne CO2 (€) CO2 abatement (t) Ferrous metalsMaterialsPulp & other industry Steam raisingCoal-CCGT switchingCoal-CCGT new build
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 3 Scope to switch fuel mix for generation in existing gas-fired CCGTs...... saves 50-55mln tonnes of CO 2 How can Europe abate CO 2 ? 0 25 50 75 100 125 1581216202428 Cost per tonne CO2 (€) CO2 abatement (t) Ferrous metalsMaterialsPulp & other industry Steam raisingCoal-CCGT switchingCoal-CCGT new build Power sector provide CO 2 abatement In underutilised CCGT capacity
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 4 Power sector provide CO 2 abatement In new CCGT capacity Scope to switch fuel mix for generation in existing gas-fired CCGTs...... saves 50-55mln tonnes of CO 2...... but for greater savings need new build How can Europe abate CO 2 ?
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 5 Germany and UK both have targets under National Climate Change programmes How CO 2 constrained will Europe be? Germany & UK could have 85mln shortfall alone Shortfall could be greater EC will limit surplus 1)How aggressive will “environmentally-concerned” countries be?
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 6 Most of existing EU likely to be “imaginative” in interpreting EU rules How CO 2 constrained will Europe be? Existing EU likely to face a shortfall of 100-110mln tonnes Shortfall could be greater EC will limit surplus 1)How aggressive will “environmentally-concerned” countries be? 2)How flexible can “environmentally-stretched” countries be?
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 7 Just 3-4% shortfall seen for 2005-2007 How CO 2 constrained will Europe be? Shortfall of 60-65mln tonnes CO 2 per year over 2005-2007 Shortfall could be greater EC will limit surplus 1)How aggressive will “environmentally-concerned” countries be? 2)How flexible can “environmentally-stretched” countries be? 3)How much flexibility will there be in Accession Countries?
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 8 Power sector provide CO 2 abatement In underutilised CCGT capacity CO 2 allowances have to be priced to offset higher costs of running cleaner plant...... will push CO2 allowances to €15/tonne Value of CO 2 allowances 60-65mln t abatement
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 9 Incentive to switch from coal to gas changes with fuel prices Economic growth could tighten CO 2 constraint Fuel prices could reduce CO 2 emissions if coal too dear … … but economic growth could add to CO 2 emissions Prices for CO 2 likely to be volatile We assume prices of: $25/bbl oil price $40/tonne coal price
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 10 Wholesale power prices Gradual increase would have been expected for wholesale power prices Boost to electricity prices Wholesale power prices - €/MWh 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 Germany -ytd Germany 2005- 2007 Germany 2008- 2012 UK - ytd UK 2005-2007UK 2008-2012 Spain - ytd Spain 2005-2007Spain 2008-2012 Italy - ytd Italy 2005-2007Italy 2008-2012 With CO2Without CO2
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 11 Wholesale power prices Gradual increase would have been expected for wholesale power prices Boost to electricity prices Wholesale power prices - €/MWh
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 12 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 Germany -ytd Germany 2005- 2007 Germany 2008- 2012 UK - ytd UK 2005-2007UK 2008-2012 Spain - ytd Spain 2005-2007Spain 2008-2012 Italy - ytd Italy 2005-2007Italy 2008-2012 With CO2Without CO2 Wholesale power prices Germany and UK wholesale power prices starting to rise Boost to electricity prices Wholesale power prices - €/MWh
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 13 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 Germany -ytd Germany 2005- 2007 Germany 2008- 2012 UK - ytd UK 2005-2007UK 2008-2012 Spain - ytd Spain 2005-2007Spain 2008-2012 Italy - ytd Italy 2005-2007Italy 2008-2012 With CO2Without CO2 Wholesale power prices Germany and UK could see 70%+ increases in wholesale power prices Boost to electricity prices Wholesale power prices - €/MWh 45% up (70% from start year) 35% up (75% from start year)
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 14 Wholesale power prices Wholesale power price increases less dramatic in southern Europe Boost to electricity prices Wholesale power prices - €/MWh Modest increase related to new entrant prices Moderates pace of decline 45% up (70% from start year) 35% up (75% from start year)
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 15 Carbon constraint won’t go away! By 2008-2012, likely to need 10% cuts By 2008-2012, flexibility in individual country allocations recedes CO 2 Constraint tightens by 2008-2012 Accession Members surplus dwindles Go beyond Kyoto?
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 16 Carbon constraint won’t go away! By 2008-2012, likely to need 10% cuts By 2008-2012, flexibility in individual country allocations recedes CO 2 Constraint tightens by 2008-2012 Accession Members surplus dwindles Kyoto tough target Go beyond Kyoto?
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 17 Power sector provide CO 2 abatement New build required to meet Kyoto target More abatement likely to be possible in industry...... but without new build CCGTs, Kyoto target will be missed 220mln t abatement CO 2 Constraint tightens by 2008-2012
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Utilities Pan-European Research Utilities Pan-European Research Slide 18 Power sector provide CO 2 abatement New build required to meet Kyoto target CO 2 constraint is here to stay! More abatement likely to be posible in industry...... but without new build CCGTs, Kyoto target will be missed 220mln t abatement CO 2 Constraint tightens by 2008-2012
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November 2003 Generating in a CO 2 constrained world Pan-European Utility Research Europe to be CO 2 constrained => €15/tonne & risk on upside Value-creation opportunity => Power prices @ cash costs = no longer sustainable Europe to be CO 2 constrained => €15/tonne & risk on upside Value-creation opportunity => Power prices @ cash costs = no longer sustainable Chris RowlandDresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein chris.rowland@drkw.com+44 20 7475 7489 chris.rowland@drkw.com CO 2 constraint is here to stay!
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