1. Fragments They are not sentences!

2. Sentences need a subject and verb. SubjectVerbRest of it ItisFriday. (object) Iambeautiful. (adjective) Theyarein the living room. (prepositional phrase) Mark and Janehave beenfriends (object) for five years. (prepositional phrase) The plantGrewinto a large tomato plant (prepositional phrase) this summer. (prepositional phrase)

3. Sentences without a subject or a verb are FRAGMENTS. SubjectVerbRest of it ItisFriday. IsFriday. ItFriday. Weare spendingtime together. Spendingtime together.

4. Sometimes conjunctions make sentences FRAGMENTS. SubjectVerbRest of itConjunction Hewentto the storebecause theywereout of food. Hewentto the store. Theywereout of food.(because needs two subjects and two verbs!) Because they were out of food – IS A FRAGMENT!

5. SUBORDINATING CONJUCTIONS Subordinating Conjunctions depend on two subjects and two verbs. One subject and verb goes before the conjunction. One subject and verb goes after the conjunction.

6. List of Subordinating Conjunctions TypeConjunctions Reasonbecause, in order that, now that, provided that, since, so that Timeafter, as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, while Contrastalthough, even though, though, unless, while Conditionif, when

7. Run-Ons They are too many sentences acting like one big sentence!

8. Run-Ons are two sentences without punctuation. I went to the movies he met me there. We have two subjects and two verbs all in one sentence without any conjunctions! This is a RUN-ON! – I went to the movies and he met me there. – I went to the movies. He met me there. SubjectVerbRest of it Iwentto the movies hemetme there.

9. Run-Ons are two sentences with a comma separating them. I like to eat pizza, it tastes good. A period goes after a full sentence. A comma doesn’t. If we combined them we need a conjunction! – I like pizza. It tastes good. – I like pizza because it tastes good. SubjectVerbRest of it Ilikepizza, ittastesgood.

10. Run-Ons have too many conjunctions in one sentence. I went to the store and I found a parking space and then I walked in and I got all my food and I stood in line for thirty minutes and then finally I paid and went back to my car. SubjectVerbRest of itConjunction Iwentto the storeand Ifounda parking spaceand Iwalked inand Igotall my foodand Istoodin line for thirty minutes and Ipaidand went backto my car.

11. That’s a lot of subjects and verbs until you get to the period! SubjectVerbRest of itConjunction Iwentto the storeand Ifounda parking spaceand Iwalked inand Igotall my foodand Istoodin line for thirty minutes and Ipaidand went backto my car. I went to the store and found a parking space. I walked in and got all my food. Then, I stood in line for thirty minutes. Finally, I paid and went back to my car. (THIS IS FOUR SENTENCES!)