1. CLAUSES Main and Subordinate

2. CLAUSES A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb and is used as part of a sentence. ▫EXAMPLES:  We raked leaves while Dad trimmed the trees.  I have a paper route because I am saving for a bike.

3. MAIN CLAUSES A main clause/independent clause has a subject and a verb and is a complete thought ALL BY ITSELF. ▫EXAMPLES:  We raked leaves while Dad trimmed the trees. (MAIN/INDEPENDENT) I have a paper route because I am saving for a bike. (MAIN/INDEPENDENT)

4. SUBORDINATE CLAUSES A subordinate/dependent clause has a subject and a verb, but is NOT a complete thought all by itself. ▫EXAMPLES:  We raked leaves while Dad trimmed the trees. (SUBORDINATE/DEPENDENT) I have a paper route because I am saving for a car. (SUBORDINATE/DEPENDENT)

5. How do I connect subordinate clauses to main clauses? A subordinate clause MUST be with a main clause to complete the meaning of the sentence. The two clauses are connected with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION or a RELATIVE PRONOUN.

6. SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS (begins a dependent clause) afteralthoughas beforeeven ifeven though in order that onceprovided that rather thansinceso that thatthoughunless untilwhenwhenever wherewhereaswherever whetherwhybecause ifwhilethan

7. Examples of clauses with SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS “After Amy sneezed all over the tuna salad” ▫After = subordinate conjunction; Amy = subject; sneezed = verb. “Once Adam smashed the spider” ▫Once = subordinate conjunction; Adam = subject; smashed = verb. “Until Mr. Sanchez has his first cup of coffee” ▫Until = subordinate conjunction; Mr. Sanchez = subject; has = verb.

8. RELATIVE PRONOUNS (begins a dependent clause) thatwhich whichever who whoeverwhom whose whomever

9. Examples of clauses with RELATIVE PRONOUNS “who ate handfuls of Cheerios with his bare hands” ▫Who = relative pronoun; Who = subject; ate = verb